Biopolymers extraction

Biopolymer Extraction. Research interests involving new techniques for separation of biochemicals from fermentation broth and cell culture media have increased as biotechnology has grown. Most separation methods are limited to small-scale appHcations but recendy solvent extraction has been studied as a potential technique for continuous and large-scale production and the use of two-phase aqueous systems has received increasing attention (259). A range of enzymes have favorable partition properties in a system based on a PGE—dextran—salt solution (97) ... 

Biopesticides, encapsulation of, 16 458 Biopharmaceuticals, 9 54 Biophotolysis, 13 849 Biopile, 3 769 defined, 3 758t Bioplas microcarrier, 5 353t Biopolishing, 3 30 10 304 24 622 Biopolymer extraction, 10 787-788 Biopolymers, 20 444. See also Proteins... 

Other Organic Processes. Solvent extraclion has found application in the coal-tar industry for many years, as for example in the recovery of phenols from coal-tar distillates by washing with caustic soda solution. Solvent extraction of I any and resimic acitl from tall oil has been reported. Dissociation extraclion is used in separate ffr-cresol from p-crcsol and 2,4-xylenol from 2.5-xylenol, Solvent extraclion can play a role in the direct manufacture of chemicals from coal, treatment of industrial effluents, biopolymer extraction, and difficult separations. 

The melting temperature (Tm) of the biopolymer was determined from differential scanning calorimetry thermograms. The Tm value of the P (3HB) homopolymer was about 177°C and P (3HB) with 10% P(3HV) was about 150°C (Table l),but the Tm values of biopolymer extracted from E. coli HMS174 were about 166°C. The Tm of the sample was lower than that of the P (3HB) homopolymer, but higher than that of the P (3HB) with 10% P (3HV), because the P (3HV) content in the sample is only about 4.5% of the biopolymer produced. The PHV content in extracted biopolymer was low, the flexibility of extracted biopolymer was low, and different fermentation conditions should be investigated. 

The biopolymer extracted from the fermented broth was purified through successive washings with 70, 80, and 90% (v/v) ethanol P.A., respectively. The biopolymer was dried by introducing nitrogen gas under controlled heating. 

Jeong S C, Yang B K, Ra K S (2004). Characteristics of anti-complementary biopolymer extracted from Coriolus versicolor. Carbohyd. Polym. 55 255-263. 

The natural biopolymers, to which HA belongs, are not polydispersed polymers due to the matrix nature of their synthesis. The nature of the biochemical synthesis is determined by the matrix the enzyme upon which the triopolymer is synthesized. Nevertheless, during biopolymer extraction and purification processes they degrade in one way or another. For example, polygalactomannan, different types of cellulose (wood or cotton), chitosan and hyaluronan are isolated as a wide range of the relatively narrow dispersed macromolecule fractions. 

Benedict, C. (2002) The commercialization of a biopolymer extracted from the marine mussel, Mytilus edulis, in Marine Biotechrmlogy in the Twenty-First Century, National Research Council, pp. 69-74. 

Owing to the weak hydrophobicity of the PEO stationary phases and reversibility of the protein adsorption, some advantages of these columns could be expected for the isolation of labile and high-molecular weight biopolymers. Miller et al. [61] found that labile mitochondrial matrix enzymes — ornitine trans-carbomoylase and carbomoyl phosphate synthetase (M = 165 kDa) could be efficiently isolated by means of hydrophobic interaction chromatography from the crude extract. 

Entrapment of enzymes within reversed micelles can be achieved simply by dissolving the biopolymer, pure or solubilized in an appropriate solvent, in a solution of reversed micelles or by extraction from an immiscible liquid phase [13,165,166]. 

Silica-based restricted access materials (RAM) have been developed for cleanup in bioanalysis, first for low molecular weight compounds in biofluids (Rbeida et al., 2005) and subsequently for biopolymers such as peptides (Wagner et al., 2002). A classification of different types of RAM has been given by Boos and Rudolphi (1997). Novel RAMs with strong cation-exchange functionality have been synthesized and implemented in the sample cleanup of biofluids. Racaityte et al. (2000) have shown that this type of RAM is highly suitable for the online extraction and analysis of... 

Nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, are attractive biopolymers that can be used for biomedical applications [175,176], nanostructure fabrication [177,178], computing [179,180], and materials for electron-conduction [181,182]. Immobilization of DNA and RNA in well-defined nanostructures would be one of the most unique subjects in current nanotechnology. Unfortunately, a silica surface cannot usually adsorb duplex DNA in aqueous solution due to the electrostatic repulsion between the silica surface and polyanionic DNA. However, Fujiwara et al. recently found that duplex DNA in protonated phosphoric acid form can adsorb on mesoporous silicates, even in low-salt aqueous solution [183]. The DNA adsorption behavior depended much on the pore size of the mesoporous silica. Plausible models of DNA accommodation in mesopore silica channels are depicted in Figure 4.20. Inclusion of duplex DNA in mesoporous silicates with larger pores, around 3.8 nm diameter, would be accompanied by the formation of four water monolayers on the silica surface of the mesoporous inner channel (Figure 4.20A), where sufficient quantities of Si—OH groups remained after solvent extraction of the template (not by calcination). 

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) is a biopolymer produced by numerous bacteria in nature as an intercellular carbon and energy reserve and belongs to the class of poly (hydroxyalkanoate)s (PHAs). In 1925, the French microbiologist Maurice Lemoigne discovered and characterized PHB extracted from Bacillus megaterium. However, it is produced by a various number of microorganisms such as Cupriavidus necator or Ralstonia eutroph. PHAs are biodegradable polyesters with a structure as shown in Fig. 1. 

Bioactive peptides can be extracted and purified with these technologies, which vary from simple to complex. Following this, the isolation of bioactive peptides, oligosaccharides, fatty acids, enzymes, water-soluble minerals, and biopolymers for biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications is possible. Further, some of these bioactive peptides have been identified to possess nutraceutical potentials that are beneficial for human health. 

Penicillin [1406-05-9] - [EXTRACTION - LIQUm-LIQUID] (Vol 10) - [ANTIPARASITIC AGENTS - ANTIPROTOZOALS] (Vol 3) - [ARSENIC COMPOUNDS] (Vol 3) - [ANTIBIOTICS- TETRACYCLINES] (Vol 3) -detection of [BIOPOLYMERS - ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES] (Vol 4)... 

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