Biomolecular electronics

Biomolecular electronics is a subfield of molecular electronics that considers the use of native and modified biological molecules in electronic or photonic 

---

One of the key technologies required for fabricating biomolecular electronic devices concerns with molecular assembly of electronic proteins such as redox enzymes in monolayer scale on the electrode surface. Furthermore the molecularly assembled electronic proteins are required to be electronically communicated with the electrode. Individual protein molecules on the electrode surface should be electronically accessed through the electrode. 

Biomolecular electronics (BME), 13 553 Biomolecules, metal-containing, 24 47 Bio-oils, 3 699-701 uses of, 3 701... 

Molecular and Biomolecular Electronics, American Chemical Society, 1994 ... 

C. Nicolini, From neural network to biomolecular electronics, ICANN 94. Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, Vol. 2, pp. 1477-1482. 

National Laboratory of Molecular Biomolecular Electronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China... 

When the concentrations of reagents have comparable values, it is necessary to pay attention to the correlation effect in the decay of different donors, i.e. to consider the fact that the spatial distribution of acceptors near the chosen donor can change as a result of the decay of the acceptors in the reactions with other donors neighbouring the chosen one. The rigorous derivation of kinetic equations with the consideration of such a correlation is, as far as we know, unavailable. The approximate description of the kinetics of a biomolecular electron tunneling reaction at n(t) = N t) can be given in terms of the pair density method with the help of eqn. (19) in which, however, N is not a constant quantity but depends on time in the same way as n(t), i.e. 

J Zhang, MB Sponsler. In Molecular and Biomolecular Electronics, RR Birge, ed., ACS Advances in Chemistry Series No. 240 American Chemical Society ... 

M. A. Reed and A. C. Seabaugh, in Molecular and Biomolecular Electronics, edited by R. R. Birge (American Chemical Society, Washington DC, USA, 1994). 

R.R. Birge, Ed. Biomolecular Electronics, American Chemical Society Advances in Chemistry Series 240 (American Chemical Society Washington, DC, 1994). 

Balzani, V., BoUetta, F., Gandolfi, M. T., and Maestri, M. Biomolecular Electron Transfer Reactions of the Excited States of Transition Metal Complexes. 75, 1-64 (1978). 

Marx KA, Samuelson LA, Kamath M, Lim JO, Sengupta S, Kaplan D, Kumar J, Tripathy SK (1994) Inteligent biomaterials based on Langmuir-Blodgett monolayer films. In Birge BR (ed) Molecular and biomolecular electronics. Advanced in chemical series, Vol. 240. American Chemical Society Books, Washington, DC, pp 395-412 Maxwell CK, Diaz-Lano LG, Smith TK (2003) Mycotoxins in pet food. Agric Eood Chem 54 9623-9635... 

The data shown in figure 10.3(C) indicate that the observed signal time course can be altered by varying the RC characteristics of inert support materials. Thus, it appears that the electrical behavior of thin-film devices constructed with electroactive biomaterials may be fundamentally similar to that of conventional microelectronic devices made of inorganic materials. In particular, equivalent-circuit analysis is useful as a design tool in biomolecular electronics. 

Table 10.1 Prototype biomolecular electronic devices constructed from bacteriorhodopsin/halorhodopsin. 

Critics of biomolecular electronics often cite instability of biomaterials as a fatal flaw. However, not all biomaterials are fragile. For example, BR is notable for its legendary stability. It can withstand adverse conditions such as temperatures as high as 80 °C, and acidic conditions close to pH 0 for a limited period [13]. Furthermore, when configured as thin films of oriented BR, stability is further enhanced. Shen et al [74] found that BR thin films remain functionally active at 140 °C. We found that a thin film constructed from a mutant D212N... 

Figure 10.10 Three overlapping areas of biomolecular electronics research. (Reproduced from [81].)... 

Biomolecular Electronics (Advances in Chemistry Series 240) ed R R Birge (Washington, DC American Chemical Society) pp 527-59... 

Ray field G W 1994 Photodiodes based on bacteriorhodopsin Molecular and Biomolecular Electronics (Advances in Chemistry Series 240) ed R R Birge (Washington, DC American Chemical Society) pp 561-75 Tanabe K, Hikuma M, SooMi L, Iwasaki Y, Tamiya E and Karube I 1989 Photoresponse of a reconstituted membrane containing bacteriorhodopsin observed by using an ion-selective field effect transistor J. Biotechnol. 10 127-34... 

Greenbaum E 1989 Biomolecular electronics observation of oriented photocurrents by entrapped platinized chloroplasts Bioelectrochem. Bioenerget. 21 171-7... 

Tsong, T. Y. Electroconformational coupling A fundamental process of biomolecular electronics for signal transduction. In Molecular Electronics Hong, F., Ed. Plenum New York pp 83-95. 

American Chemical Society. In Birge RR, ed. Molecular and Biomolecular Electronics. Washington DC 1994 131-133, (491-510). 

It has been demonstrated recently [4] that BLMs, after suitable modification, can function as electrodes and exhibit nonlinear electronic properties. These and other experimental findings relevant to sensor development and to biomolecular electronic devices will be described in more detail in the present chapter. Also, the potential use of the BLM system together with its modifications in the development of a new class of organic diodes, switches, biosensors, electrochemical photocells, and biofuel cells will be discussed. Additionally, this chapter reports also a novel technique for obtaining BLMs (or lipid bilayers) on solid supports. The presence of a solid support on one side of the BLM greatly... 

---