Biomaterial surfaces, modifications

Desmet T, Morent R, De Gey ter N, Leys C, Schacht E, Dubruel P. Nonthermal plasma technology as a versatile strategy for polymeric biomaterials surface modification a review. 

M.C. Lawson, R. Shoemaker, K.B. Hoth, C.N. Bowman, K.S. Anseth, Polymerizable vancomycin derivatives for bactericidal biomaterial surface modification structure—function evaluation. Biomacromolecules 10 (2009) 2221-2234. 

Surface modification is one of the most important technologies for the preparation of multifunctional biomaterials. Surface modification techniques include coating, blending, and grafting. 

Polymerizable Vancomycin Derivatives for Bactericidal Biomaterial Surface Modification Structure-Function Evaluation, 2009, 10,... 

Keywords Biomaterials Cell-biomaterial interactions Extracellular matrix Integrins Adhesion Immune response Biocompatibility Biomaterial surface modifications Topography Morphology Porosity Hydrophobicity Age-related macular degeneration Retinal pigmented epithelial cells Retina Brach s membrane... 

Biomaterials with Low Thrombogenicity. Poly(ethylene oxide) exhibits extraordinary inertness toward most proteins and biological macromolecules. The polymer is therefore used in bulk and surface modification of biomaterials to develop antithrombogenic surfaces for blood contacting materials. Such modified surfaces result in reduced concentrations of ceU adhesion and protein adsorption when compared to the nonmodifted surfaces. 

Preparation of polyfethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(arylene ether) based hydrophilic-hydrophobic block copolymer is of special interest because PEO has been proven to be particularly reliable and versatile for the surface modification of biomaterials. The first poly(ediylene oxide)-/ /oc/c-polysulfonc (PEO-fc-PSF) copolymers were reported by Aksenov et al.217 They employed diisocyanate chemistry to link hydroxy-terminated sulfone oligomers and polyfethylene... 

Ikada Y. Surface modification of polymers for medical application. Biomaterials, 1994, 15, 725-736. James SJ, Pogribna M, Miller BJ, Bolon B, and Muskhelishvili L. Characterization of cellular response to silicone implants in rats Implications for foreign-body carcinogenesis. Biomaterials, 1997, 18, 667-675. 

Kommireddy, D., Sriram, S., Lvov, Y. and Mill, D. (2006) Layer-by-layer assembled nanopartide thin films — a new surface modification approach for stem cell attachment. Biomaterials, 27, 4296—4303. 

In dentistry, silicones are primarily used as dental-impression materials where chemical- and bioinertness are critical, and, thus, thoroughly evaluated.546 The development of a method for the detection of antibodies to silicones has been reviewed,547 as the search for novel silicone biomaterials continues. Thus, aromatic polyamide-silicone resins have been reviewed as a new class of biomaterials.548 In a short review, the comparison of silicones with their major competitor in biomaterials, polyurethanes, has been conducted.549 But silicones are also used in the modification of polyurethanes and other polymers via co-polymerization, formation of IPNs, blending, or functionalization by grafting, affecting both bulk and surface characteristics of the materials, as discussed in the recent reviews.550-552 A number of papers deal specifically with surface modification of silicones for medical applications, as described in a recent reference.555 The role of silicones in biodegradable polyurethane co-polymers,554 and in other hydrolytically degradable co-polymers,555 was recently studied. 

Bioadhesion is an area of research important in the selection of biomaterials (e.g., for implants). It is also critical in the development of the new biofouling coatings. A system for bioadhesion studies was developed, in which silicones with chemically and topologically (microengineered) modified surfaces were evaluated in the studies of the response to such surfaces of a diverse set of organisms.559-561 A new study of micropatterning and surface modification of PDMS to control bioadhesion has been reported.562... 

Polyelectrolytes have been widely investigated as components of biocompatible materials. Biomaterials come into contact with blood when used as components in invasive instruments, implant devices, extracorporeal devices in contact with blood flow, implanted parts of hard structural elements, implanted parts of organs, implanted soft tissue substitutes and drug delivery devices. Approaches to the development of blood compatible materials include surface modification to give blood compatibility, polyelectrolyte-based systems which adsorb and/or release heparin as well as polyelectrolytes which mimic the biological activity of heparin. 

Table 7.20 Some Surface Modification Methods for Biomaterials...

One strategy is to fabricate a template structure using polymeric material (thus, using the same chemistry as described in Sects. 5.2 and 5.3) and back-fill or coat this structure with inorganic materials. For example, surface modification, followed by electroless deposition of Ag [217-219] or Cu [220], or by chemical reduction of Au solutions by surface functionalities [220], has been used to obtain metallized structures, while infiltration of polymeric photonic bandgap-type structures with Ti(0 Pr)4 solution, followed by hydrolysis and calcination, has been used to obtain highly refractive inverted Xi02 structures [221]. Au has also been deposited onto multiphoton-patterned matrices of biomaterials [194]. 

Ernsting MJ, Labow RS, Santerre JP. Surface modification of a polycarbonate-urethane using a vitamin-E-derivatized fluoroalkyl surface modifier. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition 2003, 14, 1411-1426. 

The self-assembly and inhibition of protein adsorption by thiolated dextran monolayers at hydrophobic metal surfaces. In Ratner BD, Castner DG (eds) Surface modification of polymeric biomaterials. Plenum, New York, p 117... 

Engineering Blood-Contact Biomaterials by "H-Bond Grafting" Surface Modification... 

Keywords Biomaterials Blood compatibility Surface modification Polyurethane Hydrogen bond Endothelialization Protein adsorption... 

Despite of hybridization with biological ligands, the general strategy for optimizing protein adsorption on biomaterial surfaces relies on chemical or physicochemical modulation of surface hydrophilicity [38,39]. The common approach is surface immobilization of hydrophilic polymers like polyethylene glycol [PEG] or polysaccharides. Four categories of surface-modification pathways have been developed ... 

H-Bond Grafting" Surface Modification for Blood-Contact Polyurethane Biomaterials... 

Wang, D.-A. Engineering Blood-Contact Biomaterials by H-Bond Grafting Surface Modification. Vol. 209, pp. 179-227... 

Yoshinari M, Oda Y, Kato T, Okuda K. Influence of surface modifications to titanium on antibacterial activity in vitro. Biomaterials 2001 22 2043-8. 

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