Biomaterial-living system interactions

The theories outlined above are general and pertain to any nucleation processes within a melt. The H20 system is of particular interest to us for a number of reasons (1) the hydrogen-bonding capabilities of these molecules, (2) the hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions of biomaterials, and (3) the absolute requirements for water in living systems. Consequently, freezing of H20 from the liquid phase is of special significance for biological systems. 

Figure 2. Interactions between living system and biomaterial.

PKA and AP, respectively (Wang et al 2010 Zelzer, McNamara, et al 2012), as well as the triggered availability of a peptide sequence on the surface (Todd et al 2009). As peptides are natural substrates for enzymes, enzymatic response of a peptide surface appears to be an ideal way to interface a biomaterial surface with a living system. Enzymatic stimulation of peptide surfaces has the advantage that the environmental conditions required (physiological conditions) are ideal for both the peptide and the stimulus. For applications in living systems, emphasis must be placed on a well-designed peptide surface to prevent unwanted interaction with other enzymes. 

A review is given of the authors work in developing new bioinspired materials, called bioartificial materials. The key is to understand the interactions between the synthetic and biological systems and to obtain materials where these interactions are optimized prior to their contact with a living tissue. The work shown in this paper provides encouraging indication for the developments of new biomaterials containing synthetic and natural components with improved performances for new applications. 

The mechanism of the cooperative interaction of these biopolymers and their interaction with the external stimuli are a major field of study for generating synthetic polymers that can mimic the cooperative behavior of biopolymers. These polymers can then be utilized as biomaterials and can be employed to interface with biological systems for various functions of a living cell. 

In the musculoskeletal system, bone is the primary tissue/organ interacting with prosthetic implants/biomaterials and their interface is a crucial region where the interactions pertinent to new tissue formation and implant efficacy occur. Bone is a complex biological system that comprises both hierarchical structures and living boneremodeling components. The architecture of bone is composed of nanoscale fibrous... 

The development of biomimetic and bioinspired multifunctional composite materials will have a significant influence on the development of novel, alternative methods and approaches for treatment of bone injuries and for surgical techniques in bone diseases, and could improve the effectiveness of the treatment of some diseases. In addition to these potential clinical applications, such engineered biomaterials can contribute to fundamental science, including better understanding of the interactions of materials with living cell systems. 

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