Biology interface with

E. Evans, Looking inside molecular bonds at biological interfaces with dynamic force spectroscopy. Biophys. Chem. 82, 83-97 (1999)... 

Simulations of water in synthetic and biological membranes are often performed by modeling the pore as an approximately cylindrical tube of infinite length (thus employing periodic boundary conditions in one direction only). Such a system contains one (curved) interface between the aqueous phase and the pore surface. If the entrance region of the channel is important, or if the pore is to be simulated in equilibrium with a bulk-like phase, a scheme like the one in Fig. 2 can be used. In such a system there are two planar interfaces (with a hole representing the channel entrance) in addition to the curved interface of interest. Periodic boundary conditions can be applied again in all three directions of space. 

The series Topics in Current Chemistry presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in modem chemical research. The scope includes all areas of chemical science, including the interfaces with related disciphnes such as biology, medicine, and materials science. 

Koryta et al. [48] first stressed the relevance of adsorbed phospholipid monolayers at the ITIES for clarification of biological membrane phenomena. Girault and Schiffrin [49] first attempted to characterize quantitatively the monolayers of phosphatidylcholine and phos-phatidylethanolamine at the ideally polarized water-1,2-dichloroethane interface with electrocapillary measurements. The results obtained indicate the importance of the surface pH in the ionization of the amino group of phosphatidylethanolamine. Kakiuchi et al. [50] used the video-image method to study the conditions for obtaining electrocapillary curves of the dilauroylphosphatidylcholine monolayer formed on the ideally polarized water-nitrobenzene interface. This phospholipid was found to lower markedly the surface tension by forming a stable monolayer when the interface was polarized so that the aqueous phase had a negative potential with respect to the nitrobenzene phase [50,51] (cf. Fig. 5). 

Dividing the enterprise of the chemical sciences strictly into fundamentals and areas of societal benefit cannot, of course, be done with any degree of purity, so every chapter has significant elements of both. This is particularly true in the sections on theory and computation (Chapter 6) and on the interface with biology and medicine (Chapter 7). We close in Chapter 12 with our vision of grand challenges for the chemical sciences. 

Surface Modification and Interfaces with Biology and Electronics... 

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