Biological values of mineral sources

The relative biological values of mineral sources are taken from EMFEMA, 2002, Bioavailability of major and trace minerals, EMFEMA, Bruxelles. (Document available at www.emfema.org)... 

The EMFEMA (International Association of the European Manufacturers of Major,Trace and Specific Feed Mineral Materials), which accepted that the results from their study on the biological value of mineral sources be included in the tables. 

Finally, for mineral sources, the tables present the summary of a literature study performed for the EMFEMA concerning the relative biological value of minerals and trace elements for pigs, poultry and ruminants. 

The tables present the relative biological value of the major sources of minerals (mineral products and organo-metallic complexes) used in Europe for pigs, poultry and ruminants. This review was performed by a group of experts commissioned by the EMFEMA using all the available literature data. 

The following tables present for 12 mineral and trace elements the relative biological values (RBV) of the principal mineral sources (data compiled by EMFEMA). For each mineral, the first source indicated is the one used as a reference, except in the case of phosphorus where the references are different for ruminants and monogastrics. 

Sea animals are rich in soluble dietary fibers, proteins, minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, phytochemicals, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, with low caloric value. Polysaccharides from marine animals have been reported to possess biological activities with potential medicinal values in addition to their current status as a source of dietary fibers and prebiotics. Moreover, they have a lot of dietary fiber, which lowers blood cholesterol, and iodine, which improves metabolism, vascular and cardiac action, body temperature, and perspiration regulation, and are effective in... 

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