Biological Considerations

In addition, reactor internals may be of significant importance. Even though the perforated plate is a simple and effective device, it tends to provide minimal wall [Pg.233]

Biomass and microorganisms tend to have a positive effect on fixed bed performance. Packing is usually judged on the basis of wettability, which biomass seems to increase. Doan et al. (2008) compared the wettability of plastic spheres with the same plastic spheres in the presence of microorganisms. The result has been that the liquid holdup increased by about 20% in the presence of microorganisms. [Pg.234]

Perhaps the reason for the lack of correlations is twofold. First, the more important information for chemical engineers is the pressure and temperature predictions. With these in hand, chemical engineers are able to predict the oAer factors of importance. Biological processes are not expected to behave like this, and more work would need to be done for this purpose. [Pg.234]

A second reason is the complexity of the interactions, which has lead to a data mining exercise by Professor Larachi s research group at Laval University. They have been at the forefront of providing correlations capable of predicting fixed [Pg.234]

Billet (1989) RP 0.50 gPl, /3 V y where Cl is an experimental, packing dependent constant [Pg.235]

D. M. McKnight, S. W. Chrishohn, F. M. M. Morel, INCRA Project No. 252, Copper Sulfate Treatment of Takes and Reservoirs Chemical and Biological Considerations, Ralph M. Parsons Lab, Division of Water Resources Hydrodynamics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass., 1981. [Pg.259]

Solubility/miscibility Miscible with water, ethanol, DMFO, vegetable oils Biological considerations Orally, will produce transient ( 4 li) neurobehavioral intoxication. Repeated dermal use will lead to defatting of skin at application site. Oral LD50 (rats) = 10.7 ml kg Higher doses can cause systemic acidosis... [Pg.494]

Solubility/miscibility Soluble in both hot and cold water Biological considerations Practically inert polymer... [Pg.494]

Biological considerations Orally, serves as energy source (and therefore can alter food consumption and/or body weight). Prolonged oral administration has been associated with enhanced carcinogenesis Chemical compatibility/Stability considerations Thickens upon prolonged exposure to air... [Pg.494]

Solubility /miscibility Miscible with water and most common organic solvents Biological considerations Oral LD5o (rats 7.6 ml kg. Not cytotoxic to primary cells in culture... [Pg.495]

Solubility/miscibility Soluble in water, ethanol, acetone, ether Biological considerations Oral LD50 (rats) = 17.9 ml kg. Repeated dermal exposure can defat skin. Repeated oral exposure can produce corneal opacities. Not cytotoxic to cells in primary culture. Intraperitoneal LD50 (mice) = 11.6 ml kg-1... [Pg.495]

Biological considerations Orally, will produce transient neurobehavioral intoxication. Oral LD50 (rats)= 13.0 mlkg-1. Intravenous LD50 (mice) = 5.1 ml kg 1... [Pg.495]

Biological considerations Oral LD50 (rats) greater than 20 ml kg. Can serve as an energy source... [Pg.496]

Solubility/miscibility Insoluble in ethanol. Soluble to twice its weight (2 x grams) in water (xml). Soluble in glycerol and propylene glycol Biological considerations Virtually biologically inert Chemical compatibility/Stability considerations None Uses (routes) Orally, as diluent or viscosity increaser in solvents... [Pg.496]

Solubility/miscibility One gram soluble in 5 ml water slightly soluble in alcohol Biological considerations White powder. Energy source Chemical compatibility/Stability considerations None... [Pg.496]

Solubility/miscibility Soluble in cold water insoluble in hot water. Forms stable aqueous solution at room temperature. Insoluble in alcohol or ether Biological considerations Can act as a laxative... [Pg.497]

Biological considerations Oral LD50 (rats) = 6.86 ml kg. Repeated dermal use can lead to defatting of skin. CNS depressant by inhalation Chemical compatibility/Stability considerations Flammable, colorless liquid Uses (routes) Dermal... [Pg.497]

Solubility/miscibility Insoluble in water and ethanol. Soluble in ether and oils Biological considerations Aspiration may cause lipoid pneumonia Chemical compatibility/Stability considerations Flammable Uses (routes) Oral, vaginal, rectal, dermal. Suspending agent... [Pg.497]

Solubility/miscibility Slightly soluble in ethanol miscible with ether Biological considerations Can serve as an energy source Chemical compatibility/Stability considerations Pale yellow or light greenish-yellow oil. Becomes rancid upon exposure to air Uses (routes) Oral... [Pg.498]

Solubility/miscibility Miscible with ether and other oils. Slightly soluble in ethanol slightly soluble in ether Biological considerations Orally, serves as an energy source Chemical compatibility/Stability considerations Clouds at room temperatures. [Pg.498]

Solubility /miscibility Practically insoluble in water, glycerol, or ethanol Biological considerations Practically inert... [Pg.498]

Biological considerations No limitations. Preferable to water in parenteral applications... [Pg.499]

Solubility/miscibility Generally very soluble or miscible in water. Soluble in ethanol, com oil, and olive oil. Insoluble in mineral oil Biological considerations Surfactant. May cause micelle formation, with incumbent effects on bioavailability if included at concentrations of 1% or higher. May be associated with irritation if given intravenously or intramuscularly. Dogs have the peculiarity that Tweens injected parenterally induce the spontaneous systemic release of histamine. This response is particularly striking with IV injection, and therefore Tweens should not be used as components of IV vehicles in dogs... [Pg.500]

Solubility/miscibility Miscible with MEK, ethanol, acetone Biological considerations No limitations except high volumes via the IV route can disturb systemic electrolyte balance and cause hemolysis and hematuria Chemical compatibility/Stability considerations None Uses (routes) All. The vehicle and solvent of first choice... [Pg.500]

Seltzer S and Bender IB (1965) The dental pulp. Biological considerations in dental procedures, pp. 117-119. Lippincott, Philadelphia PA, USA. [Pg.40]

Uhde TW, Boulenger JP, Roy-Byrne PP, et al. Longitudinal course of panic disorder clinical and biological considerations. Prog Neuropsychopharmacoi Bioi Psychiatry 1985 9 39-51. [Pg.268]

Knuth, K., Amiji, M., and Robinson, J. R. Hydrogel delivery systems for vaginal and oral applications Formulation and biological considerations. Adv. Drug Del. Rev. 11 137-167, 1993. [Pg.200]

Fuhrman, J., and T. M. Bell. 1985. Biological considerations in the measurement of dissolved free amino acids in seawater and implications for chemical and microbiological studies. [Pg.115]

This book, which focuses on biological considerations in clinical trials, is written very much in this spirit. While study design, experimental methodology, and statistical analysis are central characters in our discussions of new drug development, their importance lies in their role in the development of drugs that influence a patient s biology for the better. [Pg.15]

Crooks, P. A., and Al-Ghananeem, A. M. (2004), Drug targeting to the lung Chemical and biological considerations, in Hickey, A. J., Ed., Pharmaceutical Inhalation Aerosol Technology, 2nd ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 89-154. [Pg.713]

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