Toxicity biogenic amines

Ansari RA, Husain K, Gupta PK. 1987. Endosulfan toxicity influence on biogenic amines of rat brain. 

Hymenoptera venoms are composed of biogenic amines and other low molecular weight substances, of basic peptides and of proteins. Injection of venom by Hymenoptera stings has toxic effects, due to biogenic amines, peptides and proteins biogenic amines such as histamine cause pain, are vasodilatory and increase... 

Air, water, soil, and food are all unavoidable components of the human environment. Each of those elements influences the quality of human life, and each of them may be contaminated. Food is not only the elementary source of nutrients, but may also contain natural chemical substances with toxic properties, e.g., cyanogenic glycosides (many plants), solanine (green parts of potatoes, sprouted potatoes, and potatoes stored in light), industrial pollutants (heavy metals), biogenic amines (fish), or mycotoxins (moldy foodstuffs). 

From these discussions, it is clear that the concentration of biogenic amines that produces observable toxicity may differ significantly, depending on a... 

Biogenic amines are commonly found in fermented meats. Histamine poisoning has not been associated with this type of product, however histamine has been found at low levels in some fermented meats (Dierick et al., 1974 Taylor et al., 1978 Vidal et al., 1990 Shalaby, 1993 Maijala et al., 1993). The most common amine found in fermented meats is tyramine (Trevino et al., 1997 Eerola et al., 1998), which is found at higher concentrations than other amines. The toxic level of biogenic amines is 100 mg per 100 g of product (Arnold et al., 1978). Taylor et al. (1978) and Vandekerckhove (1977) found amounts of histamine up to 55 mg per 100 g, putrescine up to 40 mg per 100 g, cadaverine up to 5.6 mg per 100 g, tyramine up to 151 mg per 100 g, and p-phenylethylamine up to 6.1 mg per 100 g in dry sausage. Table 6.9 lists the... 

The hygienic quality of the raw material used for the manufacture of sausage is an important factor relating to the production of biogenic amines. High-quality meats with low initial bacterial counts help keep the biogenic amines well below the toxic level (Shalaby 1995 Bover-Cid et al., 2000) and should be used with the addition of a non-amine-producing starter culture. 

HT) into the nerve terminal, the desmethylated metabolites show selectivity as noradrenaline uptake inhibitors. Thus no TCA can be considered to be selective in inhibiting the uptake of either of these biogenic amines. In the case of TCA overdose, the normal oxidative pathways in the liver are probably saturated, which leads to a disproportionately high concentration of the desmethylated metabolite. The practical consequence of this finding is that toxic plasma concentrations of a TCA are very likely to occur if the dose of the drug is increased in those patients who fail to respond to normal therapeutic doses of the drug. Such a transition to toxic doses could occur suddenly. 

There are two main reasons for determining biogenic amines in foods (1) their potential toxicity and (2) the possibility to use them as food quality markers (quality control of raw materials, monitoring fermentation processes, process control, etc.) [281]. 

Wang, Z. and Minami, M., Effects of chloramine on neuronal cholinergic factors further studies of toxicity mechanism suggested by an unusual case record, Biogenic Amines, 12, 213-223, 1996. 

Biogenic amines in wine and fermented foods are formed primarily via the microbial decarboxylation of amino acids. Examples, such as histamine, tyramine, and phenylethylamine are toxic, especially in alcoholic beverages. Ethanol can inhibit the monoamino oxidase responsible for amine detoxification (Maynard and Schenker, 1996). Histamine can induce allergenic reactions in humans, such as rashes, edema, headaches, hypotension. Tyramine and phenylethylamine can cause hypertension and other symptoms related to the release of noradrenaline. 

Manganese toxicity has been observed in miners exposed to high levels of Mn02 dust. The neurological symptoms mimic Parkinson s disease. Major changes were observed in the biogenic amines, dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), and phenylalanine. Restoration of appropriate levels of these bioamines alleviated the symptoms. Chelation therapy has not been demonstrated as an effective strategy. ... 

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