Biodegradability standards

There are several standards available in order to determine the biodegradability of plastic materials. These standards are summarized 

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Shake flasks were inoculated with mixed liquor suspended solids from activated sludge units in a Houston area domestic waste sewage treatment plant. Initial surfactant concentrations were 20 mg/ . CO2 formed from biodegradation was trapped in aqueous Ba(OH)2. The amount of CO2 formed was determined by back-titrating residual Ba(OH)2 with HCl at the end of each test period. Glucose was included as a positive biodegradation standard. 

K. J. Seal, Test Methods and Standards for Biodegradable standards in Chemistry and Technology of Biodegradable Polymers, G. J. L. Griffin Ed., Blackie Academic Professional Glasgow, UK, pp. 116-134 (1994). 

Unfortunately, due to the lack of biodegradability of EAA, films based on such formulations do not comply with the international biodegradation standards, precluding their use in most... 

Biodegradation standards and ecotoxicological assessment of compostable polymer materials are described in detail in Chapters 6 and 7, respectively. 

Standard guide for exposing and testing plastics that degrade in the environment by a combination of oxidation and biodegradation Standard specification for non-floating biodegradable plastics in the marine environment... 

Keywords biodegradation behavior, biodegradation standard, composting, abiotic degradation, biotic degradation, anoxic degradation, aerobic degradation... 

Standard practice for preparing residual solids obtained after biodegradability standard metiiods for plastics in solid waste for toxicity and compost quality testing... 

This chapter describes the worldwide biodegradation standards for biodegradable plastics, including starch-based plastics, in common disposal environments, including compost, marine, anaerobic digestion, soil, and landfill. Compost environments include aerobic conditions within hot industrial compost environments. Marine environments include cold aerobic conditions. Landfill disposal environments include aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Anaerobic-digestion environments include hot anaerobic conditions. 

Solid waste disposal environments for plastic materials can include industrial compost, home compost, anaerobic digestion, landfill, litter, and ocean water. Only two disposal environments have both biodegradation standards for test methods and biodegradation performance standards, for example, industrial compost and marine biodegradation environments. Test method standards are available for anaerobic digestion, home compost, and landfill environments. The second necessary performance specification standard for biodegradation performance is not available for anaerobic digestion, home compost, or landfill... 

Biodegradation standards are provided in the following sections. The standards are organized based on disposal environment. Thus, the biodegradation standards from different worldwide standards organizations are presented in an industrial compost section, marine environment section, an anaerobic-digestion section, landfill section, and home compost section. 

International Biodegradation Standards for Industrial Compost Environment... 

Biodegradation standards for industrial compost environment require a biodegradation specification standard and a biodegradation test method standard. The specification standards in Europe are for plastics and for packaging. Both specification standards require the use of the same test method. 

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