Biochips types

Types of biosensors can be named either by the biological components, physical transducing devices, or the measured analytes. Researchers were originally using biological components to define types of biosensors (Table 2). Types of transducers had also been included in the name to identify the physical transducing device, i.e., enzyme electrodes, acoustic-immunosensors, optical biosensors, piezoelectric-immunosensors, and biochips. 

In this chapter, we will present different types of biochips, including protein and antibody arrays, as well as carbohydrate, peptide and living cell arrays. We will discuss recent progress and current bottlenecks in high-throughput generation of chip content, surface chemistry, molecule attachment, detection methods, and also applications in the proteomic field and in drug discovery. 

Integrated Microdevices for Medical Diagnostics, Fig. 2 (Left) Schematic diagram of a blood typing biochip. The device contains flow splitting microchannels, a serpentine micromixer, reaction microchambers, and detection microfilters. The reaction chamber holds 3 pi... 

Kim DS, Lee SH, Ahn CH, Lee JY, Kwon TH (2006) Disposable integrated microfludic biochip for blood typing by plastic microinjection molding. Lab Chip 6 794-802... 

Miniaturized, multiplexed, solid-phase immunoassays were developed in the 1980s using protein microdots spotted manually onto nitrocellulose sheets and other solid supports. It was shown quite clearly that this multianalyte immunoassay format was far more sensitive than standard immunoassays carried out in microtiter dishes because the sample volumes were so much smaller. Over the last few years, these devices have evolved into protein biochips, in which microdots of antibodies or protein analytes are arranged in a dense miniature grid on a solid support such as a microscope slide. Two types of... 

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