Biochemical Variables

Biosensors Enzymatic analysis of components and products from bioprocesses is widely utilized because this type of analysis is both selective and sensitive. To use enzymes for the automatic analysis and instrumentation of bioprocesses, various sensors using enzymatic reactions, the so-called biosensors, have been 

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Nanda, D.R. and B.B. Mishra. 1997. Effect of solid waste from a chlor-alkali factory on rice plants mercury accumulation and changes in biochemical variables. Pages 601-612 in P.N. Cheremisinoff (ed.). Ecological Issues and Environmental Impact Assessment. Gulf Publishing Co., Houston, TX. 

Process variables measured in bioprocess instrumentation can be categorized into one ofthree groups physical, chemical, and biochemical variables. Table 13.1 summarizes these three types of variables. 

Flora SJS, Dhawan M, Tandon SK. 1991. Effects of combined exposure to aluminum and ethanol on aluminum body burden and some neuronal, hepatic and hematopoietic biochemical variable in the rat. Hum Exp Toxicol 10 45-48. 

Mathematical optimization deals with determining values for a set of unknown variables x, X2, , x , which best satisfy (optimize) some mathematical objective quantified by a scalar function of the unknown variables, F(xi, X2, , xn). The function F is termed the objective function bounds on the variables, along with mathematical dependencies between them, are termed constraints. Constraint-based analysis of metabolic systems requires definition of the constraints acting on biochemical variables (fluxes, concentrations, enzyme activities) and determining appropriate objective functions useful in determining the behavior of metabolic systems. 

Biochemical variables in erythrocytes, mood states, and adverse effects of lithium were measured in 30 patients, mostly men, who had bipolar disorder and were undergoing lithium treatment (736). Most (87%) had bipolar I affective disorder. The major finding was that when the serum lithium concentration was in the 0.93-1.42 mmol/1 range, there was a full response without toxicity. Higher values predicted toxicity and lower values predicted partial response. 

Electrocardiographic changes in induced hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia in horses. Journal of Equine Medicine Surgery 3 489-494 Gossett K A. French D D, Cleghorn B et al 1990a Effect of acute acidemia on blood biochemical variables in healthy ponies. American Journal of Veterinary Research 51 1375-1379... 

Wei J, Xu HM, Ramchand CN, Hemmings GP (1997) Is the polymorphic microsatellite repeat of the dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene associated with biochemical variability of the catecholamine pathway in schizophrenia Biol Psychiatry 41 762-767... 

Bowers, G. N., and McComb, R. B., A continuous spectrophotometric method for measuring the activity of serum alkaline phosphatase. Clin. Chem. 12,70-89(1966). Bowyer, R. C., Cumow, D. H., and Stenhouse, N. S., The second Busselton adult population survey (1969). Twelve biochemical variables. Pathology 5, 197-208 (1973). 

Flora SJS and Das Gupta S (1992) Effect of single gallium arsenide exposure on some biochemical variables in porphyrin metabolism in rats. J Appl Toxicol 12 333-334. 

No. Gabapentin does not appear to alter hematologic or biochemical variables, so routine testing is not necessary. 

Although multivariate analysis or principal component analysis procedures could be employed to explore relationships among a number of biochemical variables, this technique appears to be rarely used in toxicology except in metabonomics. However, it may have application when linking the results of new and rarer tests with the core tests. 

Experiments carried out on mitosis in Physarum polycephalum (Kaufmann Wille, 1975 Tyson Sachsenmaier, 1978) did not allow a definitive conclusion in favour of one of the two views. The difficulty came from the fact that, short of the identification of the true biochemical variables driving the cell cycle, it was difficult to demonstrate the existence of a limit cycle in Physarum. Experiments based on the fusion of two plasmodia taken at different phases of the mitotic cycle or on the effect of heat shocks aimed at demonstrating the existence of a singular point from which the limit cycle would be reached with an indefinite phase (Winfree, 1974,1980,1987). These experiments did not allow the distinction to be made between a limit cycle characterized by relaxation oscillations and a discontinuous mechanism of the type discussed above. 

Boudonck KJ, et al. Characterization of the biochemical variability of bovine milk using metabolomics. Metabolomics 2009 5 1-12. 

Serum uric acid was measured by Technicon Autoanalyser and other biochemical variables by standard techniques,... 

Much of the information which has been published on the effect of malnutrition on human immune function comes from studies on this small pool of severely malnourished individuals where variations exist in the degree of PCM, the initiation of therapy, the inclusion of suitable controls and lack of data on specific vitamin or mineral deficiencies. As Edelman has pointed out there are imposed on these biochemical variables cultural, socioeconomic and hormonal conditions which all interact to modulate the human immune response (Edelman, 1977... 

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