Biochemical signaling mechanisms

The experimental data presented show that sNPS can be used as transducers, which are stable for a long time after the construction of an immune biosensor. The specific immune complex formed on the sNPS surface may be registered by measuring its photoluminescence or photoconductivity. Such immune biosensors can be applied for control of T2 mycotoxin. The biosensors developed are sensitive and simple and allows for rapid analysis and analysis in field conditions. This approach may be applied for detection of any biochemical substances which can form an immune complex. Further investigations should be directed towards studying the mechanism of the biochemical signal detection by the sNPS and characterization of all the steps of analysis. 

Wang P, Jeng CJ, Chien CL, Wang SM. 2008. Signaling mechanisms of daidzein-induced axonal outgrowth in hippocampal neurons. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 366 393 100. 

Enyeart JJ. Biochemical and ionic signaling mechanisms for ACTH-stimulated cortisol production. 

Effect The mechanisms of action for aluminum toxicity is not known. Aluminum has a number of subcellular effects, such as affecting cation protein interactions or microtubule structure and effects on cellular signaling mechanisms, which can be observed in vitro. Further information would be useful in indicating whether these subcellular effects lead to disease processes. Studies on the mechanism of action of aluminum may lead to biochemical tests that can be used in the early identification of aluminum toxicity. 

Of potentially greater consequence are the observations of HNO production during oxidation of L-arginine, by NOS under low cofactor conditions (97-100), or of the NOS intermediate M -hydroxy-i-arginine, either uncoupled (101, 102) or coupled to NOS (97, 103). These processes would convert the enzyme from an NO to an HNO synthase, and would thus provide a condition-dependent, alternative signaling mechanism. Although this is an intriguing possibility, based upon biochemical analysis, it is at present hypothetical in vivo. 

Jones DB, Nolte H, Scholubbers JG, Turner E, Veltel D. Biochemical signal transduction of mechanical strain in osteoblasts-like cells. Biomaterials. 1991 12 101-110. 

A central question in cellular biology is now to elucidate (meaning to develop models with reliable predictive power) the mechanisms by which the cells transduce information and perform their functions. Cellular biochemical signaling systems are customarily visualized as logic circuits the components for the circuitry, now popularly called modules [78], consist of molecules and biochemical reactions. Hence they can be subjected to kinetic and thermodynamic analysis as we have introduced in the previous chapters. In this chapter, we study several such modules that occur widely in cellular biology. 

Van der Wijk, T., Tomassen, S.F.B., de Jong, H.R. and Tilly B.C., 2000, Signaling mechanisms involved in volume regulation of intestinal epithelial cells. Cell Physiol. Biochem. 10 289-296. 

---