Biochemical and toxicological

Lung metabolism studies would greatly benefit from the availability of reliable in vitro experimental models that are able to reproduce biochemical and toxicological processes that occur in the human lung. Because of differences in the expression profiles of biotransformation enzymes between animal species, conclusions drawn from experimental animals may not be representative of what occurs in the human lung. 

Rosenthal, G.A. "Plant Nonprotein Amino and Imino Acids. Their Biological, Biochemical, and Toxicological Properties" Academic Press, New York, 1982. 

It is clear from these comments that the biochemical and toxicological effects seen after various inducers may be markedly different. This is illustrated by the effects of different inducers on the metabolism of various substrates examined in vitro and shown in Table 5.22. It can be seen that in some cases the inducers cause no change in the metabolism, whereas in other cases, metabolism is increased or even decreased. Thus studies in vitro showed that pretreatment with phenobarbital markedly increased benzphetamine metabolism but had no effect on benzo(a)pyrene metabolism. Conversely, 3-methylcholanthrene pretreatment increased benzo (a) pyrene metabolism but markedly decreased benzphetamine metabolism. 

Savolainen, H., Vainio, H., Helojoki, M. Elovaara, E. (1978) Biochemical and toxicological effects of short-term intermittent xylene inhalation exposure and combined ethanol intake. Arch. Toxicol., 41, 195-205... 

SharaMA, Stohs SJ. 1987. Biochemical and toxicological effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) congeners in female rats. Arch Environ Contain Toxicol 16 599-606. 

Many biochemical and toxicological properties of compounds Xt depend on solute-solvent interaction can be rationalized in terms of the linear solvation-energy relationship (LSER) (Kamlet et ah, 1981) ... 

Zitting A, Savolainen H, Nickels J. 1982. Biochemical and toxicological effects of single and repeated exposures to polyacetal thermodegradation products. Environ Res 29 287-296. 

De Jong, L.P.A., Benschop, H.P. (1988). Biochemical and toxicological implications of chirality in anticholinesterase organophosphate. In Chemicals in Agriculture. VOl Stereoselectivity of pesticides. Biological and Chemical Problems (E.J. Ariens, J.J.S. van Rensen, W. Welling, eds), pp. 109 9. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 

Rosenthal, G.A. (1982) Plant Nonprotein Amino Acids and Imino Acids Biological, Biochemical and Toxicological Properties. Academic Press, New York. 

Similar to the blood-brain barrier distribution there is a large number of biochemical and toxicological proces.ses that involve aqueous solutes interacting with a given system. In principle, the general solvation equation. Eiq. (12.14), could be applied to any such... 

Denison MS, Heath-Pagliuso S. 1998. The Ah receptor a regulator of the biochemical and toxicological actions of structurally diverse chemicals. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 61 557-68... 

Mousty F, Omenetto N, Pietra R, et al. 1984. Atomic-absorption spectrometric, neutron-activation and radioanalytical techniques for the determination of trace metals in environmental, biochemical and toxicological research. Part I. Vanadium. Analyst 109 1451-1454. 

The Ah receptor has been identified in many human tissues and human cell lines (Okey et al. 1994). Several differences between human and animal Ah receptor protein have been described. Perhaps the most important difference is that the human Ah receptor has a lower affinity for 2,3,7,8-TCDD than the Ah receptor from rats or from responsive strains of mice. This information, although limited, leads to the conclusion that the biochemical and toxicological responses (those that exhibit a threshold) to dioxin-like aromatic hydrocarbons in humans would require higher doses or exposures than in animal species possessing a receptor of higher affinity (Okey et al. 1994). 

Swaminathan R and Widdop B (2001). Biochemical and toxicological investigation related to OP compounds. In Organophosphates and Health (L Karalliedde, S Feldman, J Henry and T Marrs, eds), pp. 357 106. London, UK Imperial College Press. 

Bindoli, A., Rigobello, M.P. and Deeble, D.J. (1992) Biochemical and toxicological properties of the oxidation products of catecholamines. Free Radical Biol. Med. 13 391-W5. 

Moretto, A., Capodica.sa, E., Peraiea, M., and Lotti, M. (1991). Age sensitivity to organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy, Biochemical and toxicological studies in developing chicks.//tocAem, Pharmacol. A, 1497-1504,... 

Swaminathan. M and Widdop, B. (1992). Biochemical and toxicological investigations related to OP compounds. In Clinical and Experimental To. ia logy of Orgaitophosphates and Carbamate. (B. Baliantyne and T. C. Marrs, Eds,), pp.. 3.57 06. Butierworth-Heinemann, Oxford. 

Cederbaum AI (2006) CYP2E1-biochemical and toxicological aspects and role in alcohol-induced... 

In addition to the studies already evaluated by the Committee at its earlier meetings, several new studies on the biochemical and toxicological aspects and on the efficacy of sodium iron EDTA were submitted. 

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