Proteins bioactive peptides and

Korhonen, H., Pihlanto-Leppala, A., Rantamaki, P., and Tupasela, T. (1998). Impact of processing on bioactive proteins and peptides. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 9,307-319. Kunugi, S. and Tanaka, N. (2002). Cold denaturation of proteins under high pressure. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1595, 329-344. 

IV. Technological Processes for the Production of Bioactive Proteins and Peptides... 

IV. TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIOACTIVE PROTEINS AND PEPTIDES... 

Kitts, D. D., and Weiler, K. 2003. Bioactive proteins and peptides from food sources. Applications of bioprocesses used in isolation and recovery. Curr. Pharma. Design, 9,1309-1323. 

Korhonen, H. J., Mine, Y., Li-Chan, E., Jiang, B., 2010. Health-promoting proteins and peptides in colostrum and whey. Bioactive Proteins and Peptides as Functional Foods and Nutra-ceuticals 29, 151. 

Proteomics is a central platform in elucidating the molecular events in nutrition It can identify and quantify bioactive proteins and peptides and address questions of nutritional bioefficacy. The advances in methods of separation of peptides by microflow and nanofiows or chip detections, as well as mass spectrometry-rooted proteomic techniques like MALDI-TOF for protein identification and quantification have been pivotal in the apphcation of these methodologies to understand nutritional effects of ingredients [75]. 

Walther B., Sieber R. Bioactive proteins and peptides in foods. AvaUable at http //vww.agroscope.admm.ch/data/publikationen/1313057378 Walther Bioaktive Proteine Peptide 15 l l.pdf (accessed 24 November 2012). 

When considering the addition of a bioactive to food, it is useful to classify them as oil-soluble (e.g., polyunsaturated fatty acids, carotenes, lycopene), water-soluble (e.g., anthocyanins, proteins and peptides), or water/oil dispersible components (e.g., probiotics). Bioactives may be added directly to food if they are in a compatible format with the food matrix and provided their direct addition does not impact negatively on food quality or the bioavailability of the bioactive. When the solubility in a food matrix is limiting, its hydrophilicity/lipophilicity may be modified to enable improved incorporation. An example is the conversion of free plant sterols to fatty acid esters in order to make them more oil-soluble and readily incorporated into spreads (Deckere de and Verschuren 2000). 

Polymeric hydrogels have been attractive biomaterials for drug delivery, particularly for controlled release of delicate bioactive agents such as proteins and peptides. However, chemically crosslinked hydrogels can be applied only as implantables,... 

Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles have been prepared and used to enhance the stability of proteins and peptides, control their release and pharmacokinetic parameters, furthermore, to improve their bioavailability. For delivery purposes, the polymeric material needs to meet physicochemical and biological requirements, of which, biocompatibility, safety, and biodegradability into non-toxic metabolites are of cmcial importance. The polymers can be easily functionalised towards off opsoni-sation. They are also known to show reduced toxicity in the peripheral healthy tissues. The selection of polymers depends on the method of administration, the bioactive molecules to be loaded, the desired release profile, the intention to target specific tissues, the desired rate of particle degradation, and the biocompatibility. Table 11.3 outlines some of the natural and synthetic polymers currently used in the fabrication of nanoparticles. 

Mine, Y., 2007. Egg proteins and peptides in human health-chemistry, bioactivity and production. Current Pharmaceutical Design 13, 875—884. 

To assess CE as a method for the detection and analysis of proteins and peptides, a series of model peptides were chosen (Table 1). The effect of cjqjillary dimensions and applied voltages were examined to develop a CZE method for the rapid, baseline separation of all nine bioactive peptides. 

---