Styphnyl chloride

The thermally insensitive explosive (112) is synthesized by a similar route from the reaction of l,3-dichloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (106) (styphnyl chloride) with two equivalents of 3-chloroaniline, followed by nitration and subsequent displacement of the chloro groups with... 

Similarly, 5-picrylamino-l,2,3,4-tetrazole (PAT) (116) " " and 5,5 -styphnylamino-1,2,3,4-tetrazole (SAT) (117) " have been synthesized by condensing picryl chloride and styphnyl chloride with 5-amino-l,2,3,4-tetrazole in methanol respectively. A comparison of thermal and explosive properties of newly synthesized PAT (calculated VOD 8126 m/s) and SAT (calculated VOD 8602 m/s) reveals that PAT is more thermally stable than SAT but more sensitive to impact and friction. " ... 

Polynitropolyphenylene (PNP) (159), which is a polymeric explosive, exhibits high thermal stability and possesses a low sensitivity to friction and impact. This polymeric mixture, synthesized from the reaction of styphnyl chloride (106) with copper powder in nitrobenzene, has found use as a thermally stable binder in pyrotechnic compositions. ... 

Agrawal and co-workers synthesized l,3-bis(l,2,4-triazol-3-amino)-2,4,6-trinitroben-zene (SDATO or BTATNB) (100) from the reaction of two equivalents of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (98) with styphnyl chloride (85). The performance of SDATO (calculated VOD 7609 m/s) is slightly higher than PATO while showing more insensitivity to impact. 

Agrawal and co-workers reported the synthesis of two tetrazole-based explosives, namely, 5-picrylamino-l,2,3,4-tetrazole " (PAT) (149) and 5,5 -styphnylamino-l,2,3,4-tetrazole (SAT) (150) from the reaction of 5-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrazole (148) with picryl chloride and styphnyl chloride respectively. These explosives have been studied for their thermal and explosive properties. The thermal stability of SAT (exotherm peak at 123 °C) is lower than PAT (exotherm peak at 185 °C), which is possibly attributed to the decreased electron-withdrawing power of the picryl group by being attached to two tetrazole units. PAT and SAT have calculated VODs of 8126 m/s and 8602 m/s respectively. ... 

Nonanitroterphenyl (NONA) [Structure (2.38)] is produced by the condensation of 2 moles of picryl chloride with l,3-dichloro-2,4,6-trinitroben-zene (styphnyl chloride)in the presence of copper dust at 210°C using nitrobenzene as a medium (Ullmann s Condensation) [90]. It has a density of 1.78 g cm and exceptional heat stability, melting at 440-450 °C with decomposition which together with a low volume of split-off gases render it as an interesting explosive for booster explosives in space technology [91]. 

---