Binder epoxy resin-based

Development of Epoxy Resin-Based Binders for Electrodeposition Coatings with High Corrosion Resistance... 

Epoxy resin-based epichlorohydrin,bisphenol-A and cardanol was evaluated as a paint binder and found to show increased tensile strength, elongation, adhesive strength with steel and low water vapour transmission when compared to epoxy resin without cardanol. ... 

An epoxy resin-based on epichlorohydrin, bisphenol-A and cardanol was evaluated as a binder for a paint system and was found to offer better properties in terms of increase in tensile strength, elongation, bonding with steel and lowering of water vapour transmission than epoxy resin. In addition, iron oxide-based paints in epoxy-cardanol resin showed better performance than zinc phosphate-based paints." " ... 

Composite-Based Laminates. Grade CEM-1 are laminates with continuous-filament glass cloth surfaces and a cellulose core, all with a flame-resistant epoxy resin binder. With good punching practice, sheets up to and including 2.4 mm (0.094 in.) in thickness may be punched at temperatures not less than 23°C (73°F). These laminates meet UL94 V-0 when tested in accordance with UL94. 

This includes wire enamels on a base of polyvinyl formal, polyurethane or epoxy resins as well as moulding powder plastics on phenol-formaldehyde and similar binders, with cellulose fillers, laminated plastics on paper and cotton cloth base, triacetate cellulose films, films and fibres of polyethylene terephthalate. 

Paints are complex formulations of polymeric binders with additives including anti-corrosion pigments, colors, plasticizers, ultraviolet absorbers, flame-retardant chemicals, etc. Almost all binders are organic materials such as resins based on epoxy, polyurethanes, alkyds, esters, chlorinated rubber and acrylics. The common inorganic binder is the silicate used in inorganic zinc silicate primer for steel. Specific formulations are available for application to aluminum and for galvanized steel substrates. 

Hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) is considered to be the best binder for obtaining high combustion performance, superior elongation properties at low temperatures, and superior mechanical strength properties at high temperatures. This combination of properties is difficult to achieve in double-base propellants. HTPB is characterized by terminal -OH groups on a butadiene polymer. The other type of butadiene polymer used is carboxy-terminated polybutadiene (CTPB), which is cured with an imine or an epoxy resin. It should be noted that CTPB is somewhat sensitive to humidity, which has an adverse effect on its ageing charac-... 

This structure has superior water-resistant properties in comparison to conventional polyols used for PU synthesis. Room temperature cures are easily obtained with typical urethane catalysts. Short chain diols, fillers and plasticizers may also be used in their formulations in order to vary physical properties. Formulations usually with NCO/OH ratio of 1.05 are used for this purpose. Such urethanes are reported to be flexible down to about -70 °C. HTPB is regarded as a work horse binder for composite propellants and PBXs. HTPB also successfully competes with widely used room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicones and special epoxy resins for the encapsulation of electronic components. HTPB-based PUs are superior in this respect as epoxy resins change their mechanical properties widely with temperature. 

Lead powder can be combined with many binders [5.165], [5.166], It does not affect the stability or viscosity of the paint. Binders that absorb only small amounts of water are particularly suitable (e.g., epoxy resins, chlorinated rubber). When formulating paints based on lead powder, care must be taken not to dilute it with other pigments and extenders by more than 5 vol%. 

The adhesive base or binder is the principal component of an adhesive. The binder provides many of the main characteristics of the adhesive such as wettability, curing properties, strength, and environmental resistance. The binder is often by weight the largest component in the adhesive formulation, but this is not always the case, especially with highly filled adhesives or sealant systems. The binder is generally the component from which the name of the adhesive is derived. For example, an epoxy adhesive may have many components, but the primary material or base is an epoxy resin. Once the binder is chosen, the other necessary ingredients can be determined. Chapter 4 describes in detail the various polymeric resins that are commonly used as bases or binders in epoxy adhesive formulations. 

An ingredient added to an adhesive to reduce the concentration of base resin or binder is called a diluent. Diluents are principally used to lower the viscosity and modify the processing conditions of some adhesives. The degree of viscosity reduction caused by various diluent additions to a conventional epoxy adhesive is shown in Fig. 1.5. Diluents do not evaporate as does a solvent, but they become part of the final adhesive. Reactive diluents react with the resin base during cure, so that the final adhesive characteristics are determined by the reaction product of the binder and diluent. Nonreactive diluents do not react with the resin or curing agent and, therefore, more seriously weaken the final properties. Coal and pine tar are common nonreactive diluents. 

Until the early 1970s, all ED binders used industrially were based on maleinised natural oils, acidic alkyd resins or epoxy resin esters. Later, binders based on maleinised polybutadiene oils (LMPBs= low-molecular-weight polybutadienes) also came into industrial use, particularly in Western Europe. All these systems were of the anionic type, i.e. their water solubility and their deposition at the anode were due to the presence of carboxylate groups in the binder molecules. More recently, cathodic ED, with binders carrying cationic groups (e.g. -N 2h)j has proved to be an interesting alternative. This paper describes development work directed towards improving the corrosion resistance of anionic, and more briefly, cationic ED binders. 

With a view to lowering raw material costs (the DMPA used in binder LR-2052 is rather expensive), we later developed another OH-rich binder, designated LR-2053. This system is based on a linear backbone containing a liquid epoxy resin, EPIKOTE 828, diphenylolpropane, adipic acid and CE 10 (molar ratio 3/2/2/2) and again is rendered water-soluble with a TMA/CE 10 combination (2.5 moles TMA and 2.6 moles CE 10 per mole of backbone). This binder performs as well as LR-2052, with an only marginally lower salt-spray resistance. 

PCs based on epoxy resin binder are resistant to many corrosive environments such as a concentrated solution of caustic soda at 90°C the action of alkali metal salts, alcohols, oils, gasoline and other aliphatic hydrocarbons. The flexural strength of epoxy PC is slightly affected by immersion in a 10% solutions of sulfuric acid and chloride sodium, which is an indicator of the good chemical resistance of this kind of concrete to these aggressive agents [11], However, these polymer concretes are not resistant to a sulfuric acid concentration of 60% and nitric acid concentrations above 70% [12],... 

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