Binder coke

Nearly isotropic structured carbon (e.g., binder coke)... 

A general description of the carbonization processes using the characterization methods for widely used coke products like binder coke, regular coke, and needle coke is given in this review. The... 

When pitch binder is pyrolyzed during the carbon bake operation, it is converted from an isotropic liquid, with no structural order, to a liquid-crystal (called mesophase) having a layered structure which is finally converted to layers of carbon atoms in a hexagonal lattice of graphite crystallites. These crystallites of binder coke become more disordered and crosslinked into a more-isotropic coke as the pitch QI content increases. Such moderately-isotropic coke, in contrast to highly-anisotropic microstructure (10), is preferred binder coke because it forms both physical and chemical bonds between filler coke particles which are stronger and more oxidation-resistant (8,9). 

Coke is produced when organic matter is heated to 400-600°C, essentially in the absence of air. The organic matter used for anode binder coke has come primarily from coal tar, with minor amounts from petroleum residues. In contrast, filler coke is produced almost entirely from petroleum, with minor amounts from coal-tar pitch. Also in recent years, solvent-refined coal (SRC) filler coke has been found to produce high quality anode carbon. 

Filler coke is formed by the same general mechanism as that already described for binder coke. However, the feedstocks used are various petroleum residual fractions, instead of coal tar. Temperatures of 400-500°C convert these resids into green coke within a day. A complex series of endothermic pyrolysis reactions produce liquid-crystal mesophase which is transformed to a carbon polymer of generally graphitic structure. However, there are varying amounts of... 

The principal anode performance problem of Soderberg cells is the low-baked anode carbon. This results in preferential attack on binder coke and creates some level of filler dust problem as a standard operating condition. For VS Soderberg anodes, there is additional performance loss for the lower-quality pinhole carbon, which fills the space created when pins are reset. This is due to porosity created when pinhole paste is baked in place by the existing excessive heatup rates, VS Soderberg anodes are also adversely affected if the carbon has a high sulfur content. Conductor pin tips will become coated with an iron sulfide scale, which interferes with electrical conduction in the anode. 

Aluminum industry, coke shortage, 193 Anode binder coke, source, 239 Anode binder pitch... 

To produce graphite blocks, a filler is mixed with pitch as binder. Coke is the most used filler although natural graphite, carbon blacks and recycled graphite particles are also used. The coke is usually obtained from petroleum or coal tar pitches. The filler, particularly coke, is first pyrolyzed to release volatiles to avoid the formation of crack or distortions in the final product. Regarding the binder, petroleum and coal tar pitches are commonly used. These pitches are used due to... 

Liu and co-workers studied the effects of binder, coking, and regeneration on the acid properties of a commercial H-MOR catalyst during toluene disproportionation reaction [75]. The authors utilized SSNMR of adsorbed TMPO and TBPO for acidity characterization of various fresh, spent, and regenerated catalysts. As shown in Fig. 2.29, three resonance peaks with 5 P at 68, 56, and 49 ppm were observed when TMPO was adsorbed on y-Al203 binder material. While the peak at 49 ppm was... 

See binder coke, carbon artifact, carbon mix, coal-tar pitch, MPP, petroleum pitch, pitch... 

Binder coke is a constituent of a carbon (or ceramic) artifact resulting from carbonization of the binder during baking. 

Pitches are mainly used as binders (i. e. as precursors for binder cokes) but the term binder should include any carbonaceous binder material, for example thermosetting resins such as polylfutfuryl alcohol) or phenolics and similar compounds which may form a char during carbonization. 

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