Chemical nomenclature binary compounds

Inverted forms of the chemical names (parent index headings) are used for most entries in the alphabetically ordered index. Organic names are listed at the parent based on Rule C-10, Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, 1979 Edition. Coordination compounds, salts and ions are listed once at each metal or central atom parent index heading. Simple salts and binary compounds are entered in the usual uninverted way, e.g.. Sulfur oxide (SxO), Lira-nium( V) chloride (UCL). 

Chemical nomenclature deals with names of elements and their combinations. Whereas writing the symbol or the name of an element is straightforward, a choice of which element to write first in the formula and in the name has to be made as soon as an element is associated with one or more other elements to form, for example, a binary compound. The order of citation of elements in formulae and names is based upon the methods outlined below. Furthermore, groups of atoms, such as ions, ligands in coordination compounds and substituent groups in derivatives of parent hydrides, are ordered according to specified rules. 

The first nomenclature for inorganic structure types has been proposed by Ewald Hermann in 1931. They used letters to designate the kind of chemical compound and numerals to distinguish among compounds with the same general formula. The chemical elements are designated by the letter A, the binary compounds by the letter B, the AB2 compounds by C and so on. Examples are A1 for Cu, A10 for Hg, B1 for NaCI, B3 for ZnS (sphalerite), HI2 for Mg2Si04 (olivine), G1 for CaCOa (calcite). This notation has not received much acceptance, possibly due to its lack of self explanatory structural information. 

Chemical nomenclature is the systematic naming of compounds based on their formulas or structures. Rules are given for naming ionic compounds, binary molecular compounds, acids, and hydrates. 

Acids were first recognized as a specific class of compounds based on their properties in solutions of water. Consequently, in chemical nomenclature, the term acid usually refers to a solution in water of one of these special compounds rather than to the compound itself. For example, hydrochloric acid refers to a water solution of the molecular compound hydrogen chloride, HCl. Some common binary and oxyacids are listed in Figure 1.6. Figure 1.7 shows some common laboratory acids. 

From the standpoint of nomenclature, inorganic chemical compounds may be divided into the following major divisions binary, ternary, and higher order. The development to date of nomenclature systems for each of these classes is summarized in the following statements ... 

Preliminary investigations prior to the development of the AutoNom computer system had concluded that the hierarchical principle underlying the approach to a chemical name construction (parent, substituent, substituent-on-substituent, etc.) should be followed as faithfully as possible while designing the appropriate data format for the name generation analysis. It was decided to implement the format based on an ordered binary tree concept as fulfilling the majority of both nomenclature and system-performance requirements. The data structure maintained in the memory of the computer during nomenclature-guided analysis of the input compound will be hereafter referred to as the name tree . 

---