Binary agents

The components, by-products of the reaction or solvents used to facilitate mixing the components may have their own toxic properties and could present additional hazards. They may also change the rate that the binary nerve agent volatilizes or penetrates the skin. Residual components may react with common materials, such as alcohols, to produce other nerve agents. For data on binary components, see the Component Section (C01-C) following information on the individual agents. 

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In the open literature little is known about these agents developed in the Soviet Union. They are assessed to be five to ten times more toxic than VX (Ellison, 2008 Smithson et al, 1995). The toxicity of these binary agents does not rely primarily on the inhibition of AChE, but it is thought that it causes permanent neuropathy. Consequently, conventional nerve agent antidotes may not work. Reactive oximes such as potassium 2,3-butanedione monoximate may be use fid in detoxification. No pubhshed information is available on cardiac pathologies caused by Novichok agents. 

Appendix A shows the inventory of recovered nonstockpile items that have been stored at various locations awaiting treatment and disposal, which is scheduled to be completed prior to the 2007 CWC treaty deadline using currently available NSCMP equipment. Except for the listed binary agent precursors (which postdate the period when the Army practiced burial of non-stockpile chemical warfare materiel), the tables in Appendix A exemplify the great variety of items that could be encountered during future recovery operations. 

LDR Land Disposal Restriction QL binary agent precursor (ethyl-2-diisopropylaminoethyl... 

This chapter described the non-stockpile inventory, which comprises a greater variety of chemical agents than the stockpile inventory. It includes blister, nerve, blood, and choking agents, as well as militarized industrial chemicals and binary agents, and its condition is highly variable—some items, for instance, have severely deteriorated during decades of burial. 

Finding 2-la. PBA has the largest known non-stockpile inventory. It contains almost 70,000 items, inclnding explosive and nonexplosive monitions with diverse chemical fills, binary agent precnrsors, CAIS, chemical samples, and empty ton containers. If the CWC treaty deadline is not extended, these items mnst be destroyed by April 29, 2007. 

In the first class, azeotropic distillation, the extraneous mass-separating agent is relatively volatile and is known as an entrainer. This entrainer forms either a low-boiling binary azeotrope with one of the keys or, more often, a ternary azeotrope containing both keys. The latter kind of operation is feasible only if condensation of the overhead vapor results in two liquid phases, one of which contains the bulk of one of the key components and the other contains the bulk of the entrainer. A t3q)ical scheme is shown in Fig. 3.10. The mixture (A -I- B) is fed to the column, and relatively pure A is taken from the column bottoms. A ternary azeotrope distilled overhead is condensed and separated into two liquid layers in the decanter. One layer contains a mixture of A -I- entrainer which is returned as reflux. The other layer contains relatively pure B. If the B layer contains a significant amount of entrainer, then this layer may need to be fed to an additional column to separate and recycle the entrainer and produce pure B. 

Binary Compounds. Three fluorides, PtF [13455-15-7], PtF [37782-184-8], and platinum hexafluoride [13693-05-5], PtF, are well documented. The last is a powerful oxidi2ing agent and can oxidi2e dioxygen and xenon (235). Two chlorides exist, platiaum dichloride [10025-65-7],... 

The overall composition at low conversion of binary copolymers formed in the presence of a chain transfer agent can be predicted analytically using an expression analogous to that used to describe terpolymerization where one monomer does not undergo propagation (Section 7.3.2.4),2j6 Making the appropriate substitutions, eq. 37 becomes eq. 70 ... 

Sn f-Test 14.3 A What common binary compounds of hydrogen are powerful reducing agents ... 

Although no details are available, these agents are a novel family of binary nerve agents. Novichok compounds were derived from this new set of unitary agents (no official name for this series of compounds is available, so for lack of a better name, A-series nerve agents) designated A-230, A-232, and A-234, which had been created earlier. 

The compounds that have been referred to as novichok-, novichok-5, and novichok-7 are reportedly the binary counterparts for the above mentioned A-series agents. 

This series of agents are a new class of nerve agents developed by the former Soviet Union. Very little information is available about them.. It has been reported that this class of agents are five to eight, possibly as much as lOx stronger as VX. They are conjectured to be the unitary nerve agents from the binary novichoks. A-230 maybe the result of novichok- and novichok- combining. 

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