Polymer bilayer

Barker J. A., Ramsdale C. M. and Greenham N. C. (2003), Modeling the cnrrent-voltage characteristics of bilayer polymer photovoltaic devices , Phys. Rev. B 67, 075205-1-075205-9. 

Fig. 44 Light intensity dependence of short circuit photocurrent (filled circles) and open circuit voltage of laminated POPT (MEH-)CN-PPV diffuse bilayer polymer solar cells. The scaling factor of the current calculates as 1.02. (Reprinted with permission from [32], 1998, Macmillan Publishers Ltd)...

The application of polymer precursors, resulting in insoluble PPV and BBL (poly(benzimidazo-benzophenanthroline)) ladder polymers enabled the fabrication of very efficient bilayer polymer solar cells, reaching 49% [33] and even 62% EQE (see Fig. 45) [222]. 

A logarithmic relationship between light intensity and open circuit voltage had been shown for bilayer polymer solar cells by Ramsdale et al. [125]. This and the observation of an overpotential of the open circuit voltage with respect to the work function difference of the two electrodes—as inferred... 

Barker JA, Ramsdale CM, Greenham NC (2003) Modeling the current-voltage characteristics of bilayer polymer photovoltaic devices. Phys Rev B 67 075205... 

A. C. Morteani, P. K. H. Ho, R. H. Friend, and C. Silva. Electric field-induced transition from heterojunction to bulk charge recombination in bilayer polymer light-emitting diodes. Appl. Phys. Lett., 86 163501, 2005. 

L.L. Chua, P.K.H. Ho, H. Sirringhaus, and R.H. Friend. Self-organised bilayer polymer field-effect transistors. Adv. Mater., in press. 

Two complementary amphiphilic polymers woe alternatively deposited by Y-type deposition. In Polymer A, the chromophore s electron accepting end is connected to a hydrophobic bridging unit, and its electron donating end is connected to a hydrophilic bridging unit The converse is true for Polymer B. These multilayer thin films have second order nonlinear optical properties which are stable at ambient temperature in the absence of oxygen. Microstructural information on a 92-bilayer polymer film was obtained fix)m polarized optical measurements. 

Figure 6.1 Four device architectures of conjugated polymer-based photovoltaic cells (a) single-layer polymer PV cell (b) bilayer polymer PV cell (c) disordered bulk heterojunction (d) ordered...

Mouhib,T., Delcorte, A., Poleunis, C., Bertrand, P. (2011) C60 molecular depth profihng of bilayered polymer films using ToF-SIMS. Surf Interface Anal., 43,175-178. 

The voltage-tunable multicolor EL emission from bilayer polymer LEDs, such as in Plate 1, arises from variation in the EL emission intensity coming from the different layers and a physical mixing of die EL emission from both polymers. A similar mechanism explains the multicolor EL emission from nanophase-separated blends (24) and odier multicomponent EL polymer systems... 

Voltage-Tunable Multicolor Electroluminescence from Single-Layer Polymer Blends and Bilayer Polymer Films... 

Figure 1. Schematic structure of (a) single-layer and (b) bilayer polymer LEDs.

Using a bilayer polymer structure composed of PPV and MEH-PPV, two-color LECs were demonstrated [246]. When these devices are biased in one polarity, the voltage induced p-n junction is completely inside the PPV layer and the device emits green light characteristic of PPV. When biased at the opposite polarity, the p-n junction is completely inside the MEH-PPV layer and the LEC emits orange light characteristic of MEH-PPV. 

B. K. Yoon, J. Huh, H. C. Kim, J. M. Hong, and C. Park, Ordered patterns of microimprinted bilayer polymer films with controlled dewetting and layer inversion. Macromolecules, 39,901-903 (2006). 

Taccola et al. (2013) have employed the spin-coating technique to build bilayer polymer actuators, which are in the form of microfingers, consisting of a PEDOT/ PSS film spin-coated with SU-8, which is the structural passive layer in the bilayer configuration. 

Tada A, Geng Y, Wei Q, Hashimoto K, Tajima K (2011) Tailoring organic heteiojunction interfaces in bilayer polymer photovoltaic devices. Nat Mater 10(6) 450-455... 

---