Multicolor electroluminescence

C Hosokawa, M Eida, M Matsuura, K Fukuoka, H Nakamura, and T Kusumoto, Organic multicolor electroluminescence display with fine pixels, Synth. Met., 91 3-7, 1997. 

In order to realize multicolor electroluminescent devices there has been world-wide research into other materials. None has been found to be as efficient as ZnS Mn. As examples, we can mention ZnS LnF (Ln = rate earth) films where, for example, Ln = Tb + gives green and Ln = Sm red electroluminescence, and MS(M = Ca,Sr) Ce or Fxi (green and red emission, respectively). Many other proposals can be found in the literature. 

Meghdadi, F, Leising, G., Fischer, W., and Stelzer, F, Multicolor electroluminescence diodes using oligophenylene and oligophenylenevinylene multilayers, Synth. Met., 76, 113-115 (19%). 

Manzoor, K., Vadeia, S. R. Kumar, N., and Kutty, T. R. N. (2004). Multicolor electroluminescent devices using doped ZnS nanoerystals. Appl Phys. Lett. 84, 284. 

Voltage-Tunable Multicolor Electroluminescence from Single-Layer Polymer Blends and Bilayer Polymer Films... 

Figure 11.9. NW LED. (a) Crossed InP nanowire LED. (top) Three-dimensional (3D) plot of light intensity of the electroluminescence from a crossed NW LED. Light is only observed around the crossing region, (bottom) 3D atomic force microscope image of a crossed NW LED. (inset) Photoluminescence image of a crossed NW junction, (b-c) Multicolor nanoLED array, (b) Schematic of a tricolor nanoLED array assembled by crossing one n-GaN, n-CdS, and n-CdS NW with a p-Si NW. The array was obtained by fluidic assembly and photolithography with ca. 5- xm separation between NW emitters, (c) Normalized EL spectra obtained from the three elements. [Reprinted with permission from Ref. 59. Copyright 2005 Wiley-VCH Verlag.]...

X. Zhang and S.A. Jenekhe, Electroluminescence of multicomponent conjugated polymers. 1. Roles of polymer/polymer interfaces in emission enhancement and voltage-tunable multicolor emission in semiconducting polymer/polymer heterojunction, Macromolecules, 33 2069-2082, 2000. 

Thin film electroluminescent (TFEL) materials are similar to LEDs, in that they are completely soUd-state materials. The difference lies in the application of charge and a higher level of defects. Therefore, TFEL devices require a much higher electrical field than the injection electroluminescence observed in LEDs. However, devices in this category typically possess the possibility of multicolor emission. Mach provides a review similar to that of DenBaars on the application, construction, and properties of various materials in this application. 

Hikemet, R.A.M. and Thomassen, R. (2003) Electron-beam-induced crosslinking of electroluminescent polymers for the production of multicolor patterned devices. Adv. Mater.,... 

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