Eighteenth Amendment

Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States (ratified on January 29, 1919) ushers in prohibition laws prohibiting the sale and consumption of alcohol in United States. 

Twenty-first Amendment to the Constitution repeals Eighteenth Amendment and makes it legal to sell and consume alcohol in United States. 

Narcotics were, of course, not the only drugs of concern during the immediate post World War I era. If the use of narcotics could not be justified, then how could that of alcohol The temperance movement, which had been active for years, now succeeded in having the use and distribution of alcohol banned. The Eighteenth Amendment... 

South America and the Caribbean regions for half a century.) Marijuana caught on as a cheap substitute for alcohol among border guards and river travelers and within five years the practice was carried up the Mississippi River into the Ohio Valley. From there, it spread east into New York (especially Harlem). With the passage in 1920 of the Eighteenth Amendment, prohibiting sale of alcohol in this country, interest in Cannabis as a euphoriant rose. 

The Eighteenth Amendment, which prohibited the production, sale, transportation, and importing of alcohol, failed because it did not have a substantial effect on drinking in the United States. 

Alcohol prohibition was enacted several years later when in 1920, Congress passed the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution. The legislation was a victory for the forces that viewed alcohol as evil and destructive, notably the Anti-Saloon League and the Women s Christian Temperance Union. And the amendment was not vague about its intent It prohibited the production, sale, transportation, and importing of alcohol in any part of the United States. The only exception was that alcoholic beverages kept in the home, such as naturally fermented hard cider, could be consumed but not offered for sale (Lender Martin, 1982). 

The National Prohibition Act subsequently was passed to provide the means to investigate and punish violators of the Eighteenth Amendment. The legislation, which was passed over the veto of President Woodrow Wilson, is better known as the Volstead Act because it was introduced by Minnesota Representative Andrew Volstead. Scheduled to take effect in 1920, the act defined an intoxicating beverage as one containing more than 0.5% alcohol. 

As you may be aware, and as discussed further in Chapter 9, Prohibition was an experiment in drug control that did not succeed, and the Eighteenth Amendment was repealed 13 years later by the Twenty-first Amendment. Although Prohibition is... 

The Eighteenth Amendment, prohibiting the use of alcohol, had the paradoxical effect of increasing the prevalence of marijuana use in the United States. 

Shortly after the adoption of the Harrison Act, the United States also passed the Eighteenth Amendment, outlawing the sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcohol across state lines. (Consumption, on the other hand, was still legal.)... 

Temperance movements began to spring up in America largely supported by religious groups. By the eighteenth century the American Temperance Society promoted the concept of total abstinence from alcohol. In 1919 laws prohibiting the sale and consumption of alcohol nationwide were enacted, but these laws were repealed in 1933 by the Twenty-first Amendment to the Constitution. 

Draft Amendments to the Standard for Named Vegetable Oils (Report of the Eighteenth Session of the Codex Committee on Fats and Oils, London, 2003). 

Table 15 shows the sterol composition of mid-oleic sunflower oil according to the Proposed Draft Amendments to the Standard for Named Vegetable Oils (Report of the Eighteenth Session of the Codex Committee on Fats and Oils, London, 2003). Clearly, p-sitosterol is the sterol with the highest occurrence (56-58% of total sterols), followed by campesterol (9.1-9.6%) and stigmasterol (9.0-9.3%). p-sitosterol is the main sterol in aU three types of sunflower oil (regular, mid-oleic, and high-oleic). 

The Operating Proeedures of the Confidentiality Commission have been amended by the Conference of the States Parties at its Ninth Session (C-9/DEC.16, dated 2 December 2004) and at its Eighteenth Session (C-18/DEC.5, dated 4 December 2013). These amendments have been incorporated into the text of the Operating Procedures of the Confidentiality Commission annexed to this revised decision, which consequently supersedes the previous version [footnote in original]. 

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