Beryllium periodic table

The elements in Group II of the Periodic Table (alkaline earth metals) are. in alphabetical order, barium (Ba). beryllium (Be), calcium (Ca). magnesium (Mg), radium (Ra) and strontium (Sr). 

The properties of the head element of a main group in the periodic table resemble those of the second element in the next group. Discuss this diagonal relationship with particular reference to (a) lithium and magnesium, (b) beryllium and aluminium. 

Magnesium [7439-95-4] atomic number 12, is in Group 2 (IIA) of the Periodic Table between beryllium and calcium. It has an electronic configuration of 1T2T2 3T and a valence of two. The element occurs as three isotopes with mass numbers 24, 25, and 26 existing in the relative frequencies of 77, 11.5, and 11.1%, respectively. 

Saltlike Carbides. Almost all carbides of Groups 1—3 of the Periodic Table are saltlike. Beryllium carbide and Al C may be considered as derivatives of methane ion) and most carbides having C2 groups, ie, ions, as derivatives of acetylene. This is supported to some extent by hydrolysis reactions ... 

With modern detectors and electronics most Enei -Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) systems can detect X rays from all the elements in the periodic table above beryllium, Z= 4, if present in sufficient quantity. The minimum detection limit (MDL) for elements with atomic numbers greater than Z = 11 is as low as 0.02% wt., if the peaks are isolated and the spectrum has a total of at least 2.5 X 10 counts. In practice, however, with EDS on an electron microscope, the MDL is about 0.1% wt. because of a high background count and broad peaks. Under conditions in which the peaks are severely overlapped, the MDL may be only 1—2% wt. For elements with Z < 10, the MDL is usually around 1—2% wt. under the best conditions, especially in electron-beam instruments. 

Moving down in a column is equivalent in many respects to moving to the left in the periodic table. Since we find basic properties predominant at the left of the periodic table in a row, we can expect to find basic properties increasing toward the bottom of a column. Thus the base strength of the alkaline earth hydroxides is expected to be largest for barium and strontium. The greatest acid strength is expected for beryllium hydroxide. 

The next atoms of the periodic table are beryllium and boron. You should be able to write the three different representations for the ground-state configurations of these elements. The filling principles are the same as we move to higher atomic numbers. Example shows how to apply these principles to aluminum. 

Using the periodic table if necessary, write formulas for the following compounds (a) hydrogen bromide, (b) magnesium chloride, (c) barium sulfide, (d) aluminum fluoride, (e) beryllium bromide, (/) barium selenide, and (g) sodium iodide. 

Because of numerous similarities in their properties and reactions, aluminum and beryllium will be described together even though they are in different groups of the periodic table. Although it is not completely understood, there is some indication that the accumulation of aluminum in the brain may have some relationship to Alzheimer s disease, and beryllium compounds are extremely toxic. 

Lithium and beryllium are the first elements in the periodic table that are solid metals under ambient conditions. As the first... 

Some physical and chemical properties of the alkaline earth metals are shown in Table II. It can be seen that beryllium is significantly different from the elements below it in the periodic table in most respects. The fact that the density of beryllium is greater than that of magnesium is perhaps surprising, but can be understood by noting that magnesium is both a more massive and a larger atom. The density of beryllium is to be compared to that of iron (7.9 g cm-3), titanium (4.5 g cm-3), and aluminum (2.7 g cm-3). 

The second row of the periodic table consists of lithium (Li), beryllium (Be), boron (B), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), fluorine (F) and neon (Ne). Now let s examine the compounds of these elements form with hydrogen. 

The metallic properties increase down any column and towards the left in any row on the periodic table. One important metallic property is that metal oxides are base anhydrides. A base anhydride will produce a base in water. These are not oxidation-reduction reactions. Many metal oxides are too insoluble for them to produce any significant amount of base. However, most metal oxides, even those that are not soluble in water, will behave as bases to acids. A few metal oxides, and their hydroxides, are amphoteric. Amphoteric means they may behave either as a base or as an acid. Amphoterism is important for aluminum, beryllium, and zinc. Complications occur whenever the oxidation number of the metal exceeds +4 as in the oxides that tend to be acidic. 

Beryllium and magnesium belong to the 2nd group of the Periodic Table together with calcium, strontium, barium and radium. Characteristic differences, however, may be noticed between the chemistry of Be and Mg and that of the alkaline earth s proper. Be has a unique chemical behaviour with a predominantly covalent character. The heavier elements (Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra) have a predominant ionic behaviour in their compounds. Mg has a chemistry in a way intermediate but closer to that of Be. Analogies between the Mg and Zn chemistries may also be underlined. 

The alkali earth metals are the elements in group 2 (IIA) from periods 2 to 7 in the periodic table. They are beryllium QBe), magnesium calcium (j Ca), strontium (jgSr), barium... 

If pseudoanionic polymerization occurs anywhere else in the periodic table, beryllium and lithium are the most likely candidates. 

In general, ionization potentials decrease as we descend the periodic table within a given group. This is as we might expect, since the atoms increase in size. The first IP is 899 kJ mol-1 for beryllium and falls to 503 kJ mol-1 for barium, down Group 2. As we cross the periodic table from left to right, IP values tend to rise ... 

Indicate the position of beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium in Mendeleev s periodic table of the elements, the electron configurations and size of their atoms, and their oxidation states. 

Liq hydrogen represents the ultimate attainable in a fuel. However, its low density low bp make its use on a large scale difficult. Study of the periodic table of the elements indicated that a better HEF could be prepd only if hydrogen, beryllium or boron were used as "building blocks. Beryllium was eliminated,according to MartinfRef 35),because of its limited availability, extreme toxicity of its compds and because no liq complexes of Be are known. Consequently boron its hydrides were selected as the materials from which the synthesis of a better HEF would be attempted... 

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