Berkeley Radiation Laboratory

Westrum, E. F., Doc. No. MB-IP-96, University of California, Berkeley Radiation Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 1946. (Unavailable report referred to in reference 123 below). 

The discovery of an element with an atomic number higher than 92 came in 1940 as the result of the work of Edwin M. McMillan, now director of the Berkeley Radiation Laboratory, and Philip H. Abelson. They bombarded uranium with neutrons and made the first positive identification of element 93. This production of the first transuranium element will be described here by Dr. McMillan, who shared the 1951 Nobel Prize in chemistry with Dr. Seaborg for this and related discoveries. 

This calls for construction of a special hot lab such as this cave room at the Berkeley Radiation Laboratory. 

Plutonium as a chemical element was discovered in 1941 at the Berkeley Radiation Laboratory at the University of California at Berkeley by Seaborg, McMillan, Kennedy, and Wahl by bombarding a uranium target with deuterons in a cyclotron. It was named after the planet Pluto (no longer considered a planet), which was discovered 10 years earlier, having been discovered right after neptunium. 

Fujita, D. K. (1969) Some Magnetic, Spectroscopic, and Crystallographic Properties of Berkelium, Californium and Einsteinium (PhD Thesis), US Atomic Energy Commission Document UCRL-19507, University of California, Lawrence Berkeley Radiation Laboratory. 

Pash joined the U.S. G-2 Army Intelligence reserves as a second lieutenant in 1930. During the early part of World War II, he oversaw some U.S. Army intelligence-gathering operations along the border with Mexico whose purpose was to uncover possible Japanese activities to secure landing sites for their aircraft and submarines for an attack on the continental United States. Pash was later made responsible for the security of the Berkeley Radiation Laboratory, which performed work for the Manhattan Project. Leslie R. Groves, the head of the project, recommended Pash to head the ALSOS Mission. 

Bromley, L. A., Thermal Conductivity of Gases at Moder ate Pr essur es, University of California Radiation Laboratory, Report No. UCRL-1852, Berkeley, CA (1952). 

Tonner et al. have taken scanning XPS microscopies at the Advanced Light Source Synchrotron Radiation Center of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [2.6]. They investigated a polished and sputter-cleaned surface of mineral ilmenite with the nominal composition FeTi03, and used the Fe 3p and Ti 3p lines for imaging. Using synchrotron radiation they demonstrated spatial resolution of approximately 0.25 p,m. 

Das Element 103 wurde zu Ehren des 1958 verstorbenen Direktors des Radiation Laboratory in Berkeley, Ernest O. Lawrence, als Lawrencium, Symbol Lw, bezeichnet. 

Thomson, D. M. (1953). The Effect of Age and Low Phosphorous Rickets on the Metabolism of Calcium45 in Rats, Report No. UCRL-2302 (Radiation Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California). 

Patricia W. Durbin Lawrence Radiation Laboratory University of California Berkeley, California... 

Historical Vignette 8.2] Earnest O. Lawrence (1901-1958) was bom in 1901 in Canton, SD. He was educated at the Universities of South Dakota and Minnesota, and at Yale (Ph.D. Physics 1925), and was appointed to the faculty of The University of California, Berkeley in 1928. Two years later he became a Full Professor. In 1926 he was appointed Director of the University s Radiation Lab (now the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), a position he held until his death. 

Fujita, D. K., Ph.D. Thesis, University of California Doc. No. UCRL-19507, Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Berkeley, CA, 1969. 

Lawrencium was synthesized by Ghiorso, Sikkeland, Larsh and Latimer in 1961 in Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, Berkeley, California. The new element was named after Ernest 0. Lawrence. The element has no practical application. 

Experimental studies soon confirmed all these expectations. The most powerful tool in achieving these results was the cyclotron. Ernest O. Lawrence, its inventor, was born in Canton, South Dakota, on August 8, 1901. He was educated at St. Olaf College and the University of South Dakota, and did graduate work in physics at Minnesota, Chicago, and Yale. The latter university gave him his doctorate in 1925. He remained at Yale until 1928, and was then called to the University of California at Berkeley, where he still remains as Director of the Radiation Laboratory. He received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1939. It was due to Lawrence and the cyclotron that California became the outstanding center for the synthesis of new elements, which it still remains (I). 

Work on this element was then begun by Emilio Gino Segre in Italy. Segre was born at Tivoli, Italy, in 1905. He took his doctorate in Rome in 1928 and remained there until 1935. At that time he was named professor of physics at the Royal University of Palermo, where he remained until 1938. He then came to the Radiation Laboratory of the University of California at Berkeley, where he remained, except for the years from 1943 to 1945, which he spent at Los Alamos. He is now professor of physics at the University of California. 

In the spring of 1940 Philip Abelson came to Berkeley for a short vacation. He had been a graduate student in the Radiation Laboratory at the time when fission was announced, and was now at the Carnegie Institution of Washington, where, unknown to McMillan, he had also begun to work on the 2.3-day substance. When McMillan and Abelson discovered their mutual interest, they decided to work together on the problem (51). They soon established the fact that the substance could exist in a reduced and an oxidized state, with valences of four and six, like uranium, which it resembled also in other respects. Using these... 

L9. Lynch, E. J., and Wilke, C. R., UCRL-2057 (Contract No. W-7405-eng-48), University of California Radiation Laboratory, Berkeley, 1953. 

Department of Chemistry and Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley California 94720... 

Wichman, H. H. Nuclear and Magnetic Resonance Studies in S-State Ions Ph. D. Thesis, Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 1965. 

Judkins, M. R. Ph. D. Thesis. University of California, Lawrence Radiation Laboratory Report Nr. UCRL-17561. Berkeley, Calif. 1967. 

Through war work on extraction methods for plutonium and uranium, Calvin became acquainted with Ernest O. Lawrence (1901-1958), head of the Radiation Laboratory at Berkeley which played an important role in the initial production of plutonium. On his suggestion, a bioorganic group was founded at the Radiation Laboratory under Calvin s direction. This may have been the first use of the term bioorganic in an official way. The initial task for Calvin s group was to use the supply... 

Herschbach, D. R. (1962). Bibliography for Hindered Internal Rotation and Microwave Spectroscopy , Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, Univ. of California, Berkeley, California. 

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