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Benzodiazepines Diazepam Triazolam

Smith and Sanagi reported the packed-column SFC of benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam, lormetazepam, nordazepam, temazepam, es-trazolam, chlordiazepoxide, triazolam, cloxazolam, ketazolam, and lopra-zolam) with methanol-modified carbon dioxide as the mobile phase [29]. The effect of methanol concentration on separation was studied on three columns polystyrene-divinylbenzene, octadecylsilane, and cyanopropyl-bonded silica columns. They concluded that proportion of methanol has marked effect on the selectivity of compounds containing different functional groups. [Pg.392]

Benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam, triazolam). Monitor clinically may require a dose increase or use of an alternate... [Pg.2029]

Table 32.1 describes 30 persons who have been observed to use one of four available therapeutic compounds for the treatment of one of three possible disorders. The four compounds in this measurement table are the benzodiazepine tranquillizers Clonazepam (C), Diazepam (D), Lorazepam (L) and Triazolam (T). The three disorders are anxiety (A), epilepsy (E) and sleep disturbance (S). In this example, both measurements (compounds and disorders) are defined on nominal scales. Measurements can also be defined on ordinal scales, or on interval and ratio scales in which case they need to be subdivided in discrete and non-overlapping categories. [Pg.161]

Benzodiazepines (including alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, flurazepam, halzepam, prazepam, triazolam)... [Pg.533]

Trade names of some benzodiazepines are Ativan (lorazepam), Dalmane (flurazepam), Halcion (triazolam), Klonopin (clonazepam). Librium (chlordiazepoxide), Restoril (temazepam), Serax (oxazepam). Valium (diazepam). Versed (midazolam), and Xanax (alprazolam). Some street names include benzos, downers, and goofballs. The date rape drug Rohypnol (flunitrazepam) has its own group of names, including forget-me pill, Mexican valium, mind erasers, R2, roches, roofies, rope, and rophies (Figure 7.2). Except for Rohypnol , which cannot be sold in the United States, the benzodiazepines are listed as Schedule IV drugs. [Pg.78]

Benzodiazepines are lipid soluble and are found in breast milk. They are metabolized in the liver and excreted as glucuro-nide metabolites at different rates. For example, the half-life of triazolam is 2 to 5 hours, while that of diazepam varies between... [Pg.79]

The experience of pregnancy itself is often anxiety provoking, and symptoms sufficient to warrant drug therapy are common in this group ( 16). Although this discussion primarily focuses on the benzodiazepines (BZDs), antidepressants and buspirone may also be used for women of childbearing age with certain anxiety-related disorders. Perhaps the best-documented adverse effect of the BZDs is a neonatal withdrawal syndrome, which has been reported to occur with several of the agents (e.g., diazepam, alprazolam, and triazolam). In addition, there is a weak positive relationship between diazepam exposure and oral clefts ( 17). [Pg.274]

The rates of oral absorption of sedative-hypnotics differ depending on a number of factors, including lipophilicity. For example, the absorption of triazolam is extremely rapid, and that of diazepam and the active metabolite of clorazepate is more rapid than other commonly used benzodiazepines. Clorazepate, a prodrug, is converted to its active form, desmethyldiazepam (nordiazepam), by acid hydrolysis in the stomach. Most of the barbiturates and other older sedative-hypnotics, as well as the newer hypnotics (eszopiclone, zaleplon, zolpidem), are absorbed rapidly into the blood following oral administration. [Pg.473]

Brotizolam, diazepam, temazepam, and triazolam are all classic benzodiazepine-type sedative drugs that exhibit antihypertensive and myorelaxant properties, and further act as feed-intake and weight-gain promoters. [Pg.242]

Consistent with their depressant and sedative effects, benzodiazepines administered acutely typically decrease CFF threshold.119 120 Specifically, significant decreases have been reported for 1 mg alprazolam, 10 mg diazepam, and 15 mg quazepam 121 4 to 11 mg midazolam 122 7.5 to 50 mg oxazepam 123 1 and 2 mg lorazepam 124 and 0.5 mg triazolam and 1 mg flunitrazepam.120 As is evident, this effect on CFF threshold was observed at therapeutic doses of each drug, and when multiple doses were tested, the effect was dose-related. However, there are reports of acute, therapeutic doses of diazepam (5 mg)125 and lorazepam (1 and 2 mg)125,126 having no effect on CFF threshold. One study investigating numerous benzodiazepines120 reported next-day impairment after acute doses of triazolam (0.5 mg) and lormetazepam (1 to 2 mg). No studies were found that examined the effect of chronic benzodiazepine administration on CFF threshold. [Pg.74]

Like reaction time tests, nearly all studies have reported that acute administration of benzodiazepines impair performance on the DSST. Lorazepam (1 to 9 mg),125,130,142,147-149 triazolam (0.25 to 0.75 mg),132,134,135,148,150-153 alprazolam (0.5 to 4 mg),129,147 temazepam (15 to 60 mg),119,150 diazepam (5 to 10 mg),147,154 clonazepam,155 and estazolam (1 to 4 mg)152 have been shown to impair response speed and/or accuracy on the DSST in a dose-related manner. However, Kelly et al.156 reported that diazepam (5 or 10 mg) had no effect on DSST performance. It is unlikely that low doses of diazepam accounted for the lack of effect, as suggested by Kelly et al.,156 because numerous studies have reported DSST impairment after 10 mg diazepam.7 In a test similar to the DSST symbol copying, Saano et al.125 reported no effect of diazepam (5 mg) and lorazepam (1 mg). Acute triazolam (0.375 mg) administration decreased the number of trials completed on the DSST task, but tolerance to this decrement developed with each of three subsequent doses.137... [Pg.75]

Benzodiazepines -epam or -olam Diazepam, temazepam, alprazolam, triazolam Sedative-hypnotic (6), antianxiety [6], antiseizure (9), anesthetic [11]... [Pg.657]

Benzodiazepines are classified according to how long their effects last and by their potency. The ultra-short acting benzodiazepines include midazolam (Versed) and triazolam (Halcion) the short-acting benzodiazepines include alprazolam (Xanax) and lorazepam (Ativan) the long-acting include chlordiazepoxide (Librium) and diazepam (Valium). High potency benzodiazepines include alprazolam, lorazepam, triazolam, and clonazepam (Klonopin). Low-potency benzodiazepines include chlordiazepoxide, clorazepate (Tranxene), diazepam, and flurazepam (Dalmane). [Pg.70]

OFFICIAL NAMES Minor tranquilizers (sedative-hyp-notics/anxiolytics)/Benzodiazepines Alprazolam (Xanax) chlordiazepoxide (Librium, Novopoxide) clonazepam (Klonopin) clorazepate (Azene, Tranxene) diazepam (Valium) estazolam (ProSom) flunitrazepam (Rohypnol/illegal in the United States) flurazepam (Dalmane) halazepam (Paxipam) lorazepam (Ativan) midazolam (Versed) oxazepam (Serax) prazepam (Centrax) quazepam (Doral) temazepam (Restoril) triazolam (Halcion)... [Pg.462]


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