Therapeutic availability

Maintain its potency, therapeutic availability, and appearance until used... 

Hunt et al. [6] introduced the term Therapeutic Availability as the ratio of the fraction of the dose reaching the target sites, if the dose is administered as the drug-carrier conjugate, to the fraction of the dose which reaches the same sites if an equal dose of the active drug is administered intravenously, as formulated below. 

Boddy et al. [7] defined the Therapeutic Availability as the ratio of the rate of input of free drug divided by that of the drug carrier for the same degree of maximal therapeutic effect. When considering steady-state conditions, this definition is equivalent to that shown in Eq. 13.20 and 13.21. 

Hoffman has produced a medicine indisputably beneficial to mankind-something new in a useful art, such as our patent policy was intended to promote. Kraut and his contemporaries, on the other hand, had produced only, at best, a chemical compound in an impure state. And it makes no difference, so far as patentability is concerned, that the medicine thus produced is lifted out of a mass that contained, chemically, the compound for, though the difference between Hoffman and Kraut be one of purification only—strictly marking the line, however, where one is therapeutically available and the others were therapeutically unavailable-patentability would follow. In one case, the mass is made to yield something to the useful arts in the other what is yielded is chiefly interesting as a fact in chemical learning. ... 

Lithium is the lightest of the solid elements, is widely found in nature, and because of its chemical activity will combine with other ions to form lithium salts (Gennaro 1980). Lithium salts share some, but not all, properties of sodium and potassium. The two therapeutically available forms are lithium carbonate and lithium citrate (see figure 15-A). 

There should be a comprehensively designed and correctly implemented quality management system which is fully documented, effectively controlled and adequately staffed with competent personnel, suitable and sufficient premises, equipment and facilities, so as to provide the assurance that products have the necessary quality, safety, efficacy and therapeutic availability, comply with the requirements of the regulatory authorities and are fit for their intended use. 

The pharmacological actions of the various prostaglandins are quite diverse. When administered intravaginally, PGE2 will stimulate the endometrium of the gravid uterus to contract in a manner similar to uterine contractions observed during labor. Thus, PGE2 is therapeutically available as dinoprostone (Prostin E2)... 

Essentially all the arylalkanoic acid derivatives that are therapeutically available are extensively metabolized. Metabolism occurs primarily through hepatic microsomal enzyme systems and may lead to deactivation or bioactivation of the parent molecules. Metabolism of each drug will be treated separately. 

The structures of the three therapeutically available gold compounds in the United States are shown in Figure 36.27. 

There is a range of therapeutants available to the hatchery manager including vaccines, chemical treatments, antibiotics, immunostimulants and pre-and probiotics. Efficacy of these therapeutants varies depending on a range of factors, such as time of delivery, dose and pathogen. 

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