Anxiety-related disorder

Ramboz S, Oosting R, Amara DA, Kung HP, Blier P, Mendelsohn M, Mann JJ, Brunner D, Hen R (1998) Serotonin receptor lA knockout an animal model of anxiety-related disorder. ProcNatl Acad Sci U S A 95 14476-14481... 

Although the brain areas described above help give us a sense of fear that allows us to escape dangerous situations, sometimes activation of these brain areas goes awry. When this happens, it often causes an anxiety-related disorder. Although no one is certain what the exact cause of anxiety illness is. 

Compound 212, NBI 35965, has been identified as a high-affinity antagonist of the CRF, which may be useful in treating stress and anxiety-related disorders <2005JME5780>. 

Whereas such data exist for MDD and the various anxiety-related disorders, such data do not exist for the proposed mixed anxiety and depression category. 

FIG. 12-1. Differential diagnosis of various anxiety-related disorders and treatment strategies (see specified figures in this and other chapters). 

Ideally, BZD treatment of acute anxiety, GAD, and other anxiety-related disorders should be with the lowest possible dose for the shortest possible time... 

As with other anxiety-related disorders, there is growing support for the treatment of PTSD with combined pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. Thus, data indicate that ... 

Appendix I and Appendix J Appendix K, and Appendix L summarize the diagnostic criteria, and Figure 13-4 gives an overview of our recommended approach to the management of several anxiety-related disorders. 

FIG. 13-4. Overview of treatment strategies for anxiety-related disorders. 

The experience of pregnancy itself is often anxiety provoking, and symptoms sufficient to warrant drug therapy are common in this group ( 16). Although this discussion primarily focuses on the benzodiazepines (BZDs), antidepressants and buspirone may also be used for women of childbearing age with certain anxiety-related disorders. Perhaps the best-documented adverse effect of the BZDs is a neonatal withdrawal syndrome, which has been reported to occur with several of the agents (e.g., diazepam, alprazolam, and triazolam). In addition, there is a weak positive relationship between diazepam exposure and oral clefts ( 17). 

Treatment of Anxiety-Related Disorders in Children and Adolescents... 

Based on a new substantial body of pharmacological and clinical evidence, it is anticipated that the modulation of the effects of corticotropin releasing hormone or factor (CRH or CRF) may eventually play a role in the treatment of depression or anxiety-related disorders. This interest in CRH as a new important target for drug discovery is clearly evident. Recently Gilligan et al. [74] have observed that the Suzuki reaction can be used to synthesize a variety of aryl-substituted heterocyclic antagonists of the CRH receptor (Eq. (43)). 

Therapeutic profile As a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), sertraline is a widely used drug for the treatment of depression and anxiety-related disorders. 

Sertraline hydrochloride [1, (lS, 4S )-l-methylamino-4-(3 4 -dichlorophenyl)-tetra-hydronaphthalene, Zo/o/t )] is an inhibitor of serotonin re-uptake, and an important pharmaceutical agent for the treatment of depression as well as dependency- and other anxiety-related disorders [1,2],... 

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