Behavioral variables

The time individuals spend foraging in helds and held edges is expected to be variable, but data are scant. The foraging behavior variables are treated as random variables with large uncertainty. 

Studies of the role of central cholinergic systems and attention in humans suggest that these systems appear to help constrain the focus of attention (Callaway et al. 1992). For example, scopolamine appears to not increase stimulus processing time, but rather increases the distraction-time component of reaction time (R. Halliday et al. 1990) that increases behavioral variability and increases the chance for commission errors. 

Control. No changes were noted for any subject or the simulator under control conditions with regard to any personality or behavioral variable. 

In our search for the major dependent variables, five behavioral variables were identified to be sensitive to antidepressant treatment total duration of speech (SPEECH) proportion of... 

In collaboration with Magura et al., we examined the utility of hair analysis for determining the prevalence of cocaine use among criminally involved youth. Personal interviews and scalp hair specimens were obtained from 121 male youths (median age = 19) who had been in jail in New York City and were followed up in the community after their release. Of these hair specimens, 67% were positive for cocaine at a mean concentration of 68 ng/10 mg of hair. Only 23% of the youths reported any use of cocaine or crack during the previous 3 months, and 36% reported any lifetime use. Associations were found between cocaine in hair and several behavioral variables prior number of arrests, rearrest after release from jail, not continuing education, and no legal employment. 

Table 8. Probing behavior variables (mean+SE, n=15) of M. persicae feeding on C. annuum plants treated with 23 [34].

Death is the only biological variable now measured that is considered irreversible by all investigators. Nevertheless, time of death is modified by a host of physical, chemical, biological, metabolic, and behavioral variables and it is unfortunate that some regulatory... 

Plastic composite mechanics in conjunction with structural mechanics can be used to derive explicit equations for the structmal response of simple structural elements. These explicit expressions can then be used to perform parametric studies (sensitivity analyses) to assess the influence of the hybridization ratio on structural response. For example the structural response (behavior variables) equations for maximum deflection, buckling load and frequency of a simply supported beam made from intraply hybrids are summarized in Figure 6.7 Flexural modulus is used to determine the maximum deflection, buckling load, and frequency of a simple supported beam made from intraply hybrids. 

The parametric curves in Figures 6.8 to 6.11 can be used individually to select hybridization ratios to satisfy a particular design requirement or they may be used jointly to satisfy two or more design requirements simultaneously, for example, frequency and impact resistance. Comparable plots can be generated for other structural components, such as plates or shells. Also plots can be developed for other behavior variables (local deformation, stress concentration, and stress intensity factors) and/or other design variables, (different composite systems).This procedure can be formalized and embedded within a structural synthesis capability to permit optimum designs of intrapiy hybrid composites based on constituent fibers and matrices. 

Armario, A., Ortiz, R. Balasch, J. 1984. Effect of crowding on some physiological and behavioral variables in adult male rats. Ibid., 32, 35-39. 

Structural response (behavior variables) equations for maximum deflection, buckling load and frequency of a simply supported beam made from intraply hybrids are summarized in Fig. 4.39 Flexural modulus is used to determine the maximum deflection, buckling load, and frequency of a simple supported beam made from intraply hybrids. 

User-bindings The user should be able to selectively bind behavioral operators to particular states, behavioral operators to components, and behavioral variables to storage components or connections. 

The automaton without any safety rule is usually permissive because it is only a structure without specified behavior. Variables can change freely their values. Similarly, it is unsafe, as catastrophic states are reachable. 

Other sources of behavioral variability are those assigned to the effects of irradiation history, which are obviously inevitable because they are related to the inherent operation of the reactor. 

The behavioral variables are concerned primarily with the arrangement of the preference test situation itself, which under many circumstances, may profoundly affect reactions to the food stimuli being tested. 

Our principal emphasis here will be on the behavioral variables although we will devote some attention to interactions of the physiological and behavioral variables. It will be evident that the experimental evidence on which our discussion is based is wholly derived from studies with common laboratory species (e.g., rats, pigeons) and from the study of only a few foods. 

The manipulation of reinforcer volume in the Collier Myers (32) experiment also demonstrated the importance of one of the behavioral variables which influence the indicator response in the instrumental methodology. That is, some minimal volume of reinforcement is necessary for the instrumental response to occur at all. Larger minimal volumes are required when the schedule arranges lengthy temporal spacings of reinforcers. 

Our discussion of the Collier and Myers experiments is intended to Illustrate that when foods are evaluated with the instrumental methodology it is important to consider the role of both the behavioral variables (2 , ) and the configuration of physiological variables which the various schedules of reinforcement bring into play. 

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