Behavioral competencies

Among the many competencies associated with being effective across cultures, cultural self-awareness is the key cognitive competency, curiosity is the key affective competency, and empathy is the key behavioral competency. I consider each of these in more depth. 

Bidirectional brain-behavior links exist (e.g., brain development mediates changes in behavioral competence, but the child s interactions with his or her environment also can influence brain development). 

Frank, M. (2006). Knowledge, abilities, cognitive characteristics and behavioral competences of engineers with high capacity for engineering systems thinking (CEST). Systems Engineering, 9(2), 91-103. doi 10.1002/sys.20048. 

Figure 9.9 Awareness (conscious vs. unconscious) and safety-related behavior (competence vs. incompetence) determine which of four types of interventions is relevant.

As we have discussed, some activities or behaviors are not readily motivated by certain types of consequences, thus requiring extra support. Figure 11.6 can be used to identify these tasks and guide approaches for consequence intervention. Because safe behavior competes with at-risk behavior that is supported by external and natural consequences, it is usually necessary to support safe behavior with extra consequences. This leads us now to a discussion of two very popular safety topics rewards and penalties (actually referred to as "discipline" in occupational settings). 

In hydroxyUc solvents, the reaction with aniline follows a bi-molecular course but is complicated by competing solvolysis. This is a striking result when compared with the behavior of picryl chloride, which is much more selective with regard to the same reagents (aniline and alcohol), and has been interpreted to mean that bond-breaking has made appreciable progress in the rate-determining step of the reaction of phosphonitrilic chloride. Furthermore, the same indication is obtained from the fact that in the reactions of the halides, the fluorine chlorine ratios are less than one. ... 

All aspects of the material s chemical, mechanical and physical properties which are included in the specification should be capable of measurement and certification. For critical duties all material supplied should be fully tested and certified by competent approved, independent test laboratories. All items of plant should be purchased with material certification. Additional certification is required in cases where the fabricator, in manufacturing an item of plant, used techniques such as welding or heat treatment which may affect the corrosion behavior of the construction materials. 

The high energy behavior of the cross-section for this reaction— i.e., its rapid fall-off—can be explained by assuming that different exit channels compete on the basis of available phase space (24), The low energy behavior presents a greater mystery. Further possible reasons for this behavior are discussed below. 

Kinetic examination of the methane yield shows behavior quite similar to that of methyl radical a pressure dependent yield of 0.406 molecule/100 e.v., a pressure independent yield of 0.126 molecule/100 e.v., and a rate constant ratio of kq/kf = 1.5 X 106 mole-1 cc. for the competing steps. 

However, the iodo-substituent, which might be expected to show similar behavior, is well behaved. The behavior of the substituents MeSO, SCF3, and CF3SO would be instructive in this connection, but no data exists for these substituents in any of the sets. The substituents NHCOMe and OCgHs, which involve competing conjugative interaction mechanisms, as well as coplanarity problems, are only moderately well behaved in the sets. Calculated values of vary from —.74 to -.86 for the former and -.74 to -.92 for the latter. There is, however, a considerable presumption in the case of the NHCOMe substituent that this behavior is solvent related. The value —.74 (reaction 6) is obtained in water solvent at 25°, and the value —.86 (reaction 23) is obtained in dimethylformamide solvent at 17°. The 0/j(ba) values calculated for the NHCOMe substituent show similar trends with solvent, as shown in Table XVI. 

The electron transport properties described earlier markedly differ when the particles are organized on the substrate. When particles are isolated on the substrate, the well-known Coulomb blockade behavior is observed. When particles are arranged in a close-packed hexagonal network, the electron tunneling transport between two adjacent particles competes with that of particle-substrate. This is enhanced when the number of layers made of particles increases and they form a FCC structure. Then ohmic behavior dominates, with the number of neighbor particles increasing. In the FCC structure, a direct electron tunneling process from the tip to the substrate occurs via an electrical percolation process. Hence a micro-crystal made of nanoparticles acts as a metal. 

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