Beetles wood-boring

Heat is a very effective method for an all-stage kill of most wood-boring beetles. Detailed lethal temperature and exposure time has been determined for powder-post beetles. Wood-boring insects will dehydrate above 44 °C... 

Fpobtem Suggest a synthesis of optically active S-(+)-sulcatol (13), the aggregation pheromone of the wood-boring ambrosia beetle, from available ethyl (S)-(-)-lactate (14). 

Breaches in the wrapping material may allow colonisation by wood-boring insects. A survey of 1,568 Mary Rose timbers stored in polyethylene bags revealed the presence of wharf-borer beetle larvae in 2% of these timbers. Attack by this insect is not always apparent from examination of the timber... 

Reaction of 147 with the mixed cuprate of 3-methy 1-2-butene gives, in one step, (/ )-( — )-sulcatol (148) the enantiomer of an aggregation pheromone of a wood-boring ambrosia beetle [53]. Oxirane 147 has also been instrumental in the synthesis of (2S, 5/ )-2-methyl-5-hex-anolide (151), one of the antipodes of the sex pheromone of the carpenter bee [54] (Scheme 22) and the macrolide fungal metabolite (7 )-recifeiolide (155) [55] (Scheme 23). 

Oxirane 40 has been used in the synthesis of a variety of natural products, such as (5)-( + )-sulcatol (319), the aggregation pheromone of a wood-boring ambrosia beetle [53], and (2R,... 

Fig. 4.11 Mortality of jack pine (light trees) following defoliation by jack pine budworm and subsequent stem attack by wood boring beetles. Note living (dark trees) red pines in plantations (Photo courtesy Wisconsin DNR).

In addition to the cactophilic habitat, there are at least three other yeast habitats where dispersal is primarily by animal vector wood, flowers and sap (slime) fluxes. The potential diversity of yeast associated with beetles that bore in wood is high (Suh et al., 2005) and there is evidence that the beetles are the means of dispersal (Ganter, 2006). However, neither the biogeography of yeast from this habitat nor genetic... 

Another insect that can cause extensive damage is the wood-boring beetle. Small surface holes and piles of sawdust are indications of the presence of this insect. Thorough surface coatings of paint or varnish are the best control measures. 

Pyrethroids. More accurately described as the synthetic pyrethroids, this group of compounds has been used extensively in wood preservation for control of both beetles and termites. Activity, cost and performance characteristics vary depending upon the specific compound but most readily accepted for use in wood preservative formulations are permethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, bifenthrin and cyfluthrin. In terms of activity against wood boring beetles, cyfluthrin is estimated to be 20 times more effective than permethrin, 10 times as effective as cypermethrin and twice as effective as deltamethrin when compared in laboratory evaluative procedures. However, in practice other factors need to be considered, particularly the relative vapour pressures (and therefore evaporative loss) and, in wood in soil contact, the rate of biotransformation by colonising bacteria. The pyrethroids are effective as neurotoxins, and are axonic poisons. 

Description Nytek lOWP is a water repellent formulation of copper-8-quinolinolate designed for the treatment of lumber by the dip or pressure process to control wood decay. For below ground use Nytek 10 WP will help prevent attack by wood boring beetles such as Anoblum punctatum Hylotrupes bajalus and Lyctus brunneus. It will also help prevent attack by termites. 

False Powder-Post Beetles. False powder-post beetles (Bostrychidae) fill their chambers with a coarse boring dust that contains small wood fragments. They will attack both hardwood and softwood. 

Adult beetles bore into selected wood and prepare egg tunnels instead of ovipositing into cracks. They will continue to tunnel in a section, and reinfest it, until they have depleted its food supply. The female bores the egg tunnel, making use of existing crevices for leverage. After the gallery reaches a depth of 8 mm, it turns sharply and runs parallel to the surface for another 6 mm or so. 

ELKINTON, J.S., WOOD, D.L., Feeding and boring behavior of the bark beetle Ips paraconfusus (Coleoptera Scolytidae) on the bark of a host and non-host tree species. Can. Entomol, 1980, 112, 797-809. 

Bark beetles. Insects related to the weevils that bore into the wood and bark of trees and often cause extreme economic damage to forests. Many species live in symbiosis with fungi the elm bark beetle Scolytus multistriatus transmits the feared elm tree disease caused by the fungus Ceratocystis ulmi. Some B. species are controlled by the application of synthetic pheromones in trap devices, that contain combinations of pheromones with synthetic insecticides see also bre-vicomin, chalcogran, conophthorin, frontalin, ipsdienol, lineatin, multistriatin, pityol, sulcatol, seudenol. 

Production and release of pheromone attracts other conspecific beetles of both sexes and aggregation or mass attack is underway. In Ips, males attack first and additional males as well as females arrive. Males initiate new boring holes. Females locate established males, enter their boring holes and mate. In Den-droctonus, pheromone release is modified as a tree is colonized. The female arrives first and releases exo-brevicomin and myrene, which preferentially attract males. Male arrivals release frontalin near female entrance holes and the blend attracts both males and females in equal numbers. The release of ver-benone and trans-wQxbtnol then deters further arrivals (Wood, 1982). 

Table 12.2 Mutual interruption of response to their aggregation pheromones by Ips paraconfusus and I. pini. Treatments are male beetles of one or both species boring in ponderosa pine, with, in some treatments, one or more enantiomers or racemic ipsenol and ipsdienol. Responses are given as a percentage of the response to conspecifics. (Data from Birch and Wood, 1975 Light and Birch, 1979 Birch et al., 1980a)...

---