Beef processing

Figure 4. Decay curves for radioactivity induced in beef processed to a 5-megarad dose (9)...

Arthur, T. M., Bosilevac, J. M., Nou, X., Shackelford, S. D., Wheeler, T. L., Kent, M. P., Jaroni, D., Pauling, B., Allen, D. M., and Koohmaraie, M. (2004). Escherichia coli 0157 prevalence and enumeration of aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Escherichia coli 0157 at various steps in commercial beef processing plants. J. Food Prot. 67,658-665. 

U.S. beef processing plants and identification of an effective intervention. J. Food Prot. 71, 1752-1760. 

Pulling hard on a long wrench to tighten or loosen a bolt Chuck boner job in a beef processing plant Shaking crab meat from Alaskan king crab legs... 

Melody Petersen Christopher Drew, As Inspectors, Some Meatpackers Fall Short, NYT, October 10, 2003, at Ai Annys Shin Ylan Q. Mui, Whole Foods Recalls Beef Processed at Plant Long at Odds with USDA, WP, August 10, 2008, at Ai Mark Kawar, Plant Open as Rules Restated, Omaha World-Herald, January 28,2003, at Di Elizabeth Becker, Government in Showdown in Bid to Shut Beef Processor, NYT, January 23, 2003, at A6. 

Tallow [61789-97-7] is the fat obtained as a by-product of beef, and to a lesser degree sheep processing, and is the most commonly utilized animal fat in the manufacturing of soaps. The high content of longer chain length fatty acids present in tallow fat necessitates the addition of other oils, such as coconut oil, in order to produce a bar with acceptable performance. 

Cocoa butter substitutes and equivalents differ greatly with respect to their method of manufacture, source of fats, and functionaHty they are produced by several physical and chemical processes (17,18). Cocoa butter substitutes are produced from lauric acid fats such as coconut, palm, and palm kernel oils by fractionation and hydrogenation from domestic fats such as soy, com, and cotton seed oils by selective hydrogenation or from palm kernel stearines by fractionation. Cocoa butter equivalents can be produced from palm kernel oil and other specialty fats such as shea and ilHpe by fractional crystallization from glycerol and selected fatty acids by direct chemical synthesis or from edible beef tallow by acetone crystallization. 

With the advent of irradiation processing of frozen foods to maintain acceptable quality in beef, ham, pork, and chicken, questions were posed... 

Therrtial Sterilization of Pouches of Beef. Methodology for food thermoprocessing in cylindrical metal containers assured food sterility in flexible packages. Beef slices (1.25 cm thick) were steam cooked to an internal temperature of 72°C and vacuum sealed in pouches to give a fill of 120 g. These pouches of beef were processed in a standard retort with complete water circulation and a superimposed air pressure of 1.7 X 105 Pa. The retort schedule—a 40-minute cook at 118°C plus come-up time followed by a 30-minute cooling time—achieved a F0 (lethality value) of 6. 

Beef fat reacting to alkaline wood ashes led to the creation of the earliest soap, and it has been the cleaning product of choice for millennia. Soap is made from a fatty acid that is reacted with an alkali. The acid end of the fatty acid reacts with the alkali to form a salt that is water soluble. The other end is the fatty end, which repels water and is attracted to fats and oils. The process of making soap is called saponification. 

Health, Environmental, Quarantine and Other Regulations Many countries have strict regulations designed to protect the ecosystem and agrochemical business. For example any matrix material derived from pork, beef, sheep or horse tissue has to be accompanied with a Veterinary Certificate confirming that the matrix material is free of certain specified diseases before it can be imported into the EU. The Australian import restrictions are even tougher and require the importer to obtain prior permission to import plant and animal materials and products derived from biological materials. To get an import license it is necessary to complete an application, which includes information from the producer about the actual production process used to prepare the matrix ... 

We performed collaborative studies using the ELISA methods with model processed foods (sausage, boiled beef in an aluminum pouch, tomato sauce, biscuit, juice, and jam) containing allergen proteins. The six... 

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