Intervention, effects

OMENN G s, GOODMAN G E, THORNQUIST M, et al., (1996) Risk factors for limg cancer and for intervention effects in CARET, the beta-carotene and retinol efficacy trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 88 1550-59. 

Lieberman JA, Stroup TS, McEvoy JP, et al. Clinical antipsychotic trials of intervention effectiveness (CATIE) investigators. Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in people with chronic schizophrenia. N Engl J Med 2005 353 1209-1223. 

Meyer, J. M., Nasrallah, H. A., McEvoy, J. P., Goff, D. C. et al. (2005). The clinical antipsychotic trials of intervention effectiveness trial clinical comparison of subgroups with and without metabolic syndrome. Schizophr. Res., 80, 9-18. 

The African-American Heart Failure Trial showed that a large number of African Americans can be recruited in sufficient numbers with enough power to show efficacy in a clinical trial. In psychiatry the large START) study of depression was made up of 24% minorities (Trivedi etal, 2006). The recently completed Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) was able to recruit enough African Americans to make up about one third of its participants (Stroup et al, 2006). 

The Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness study showed that olanzapine, compared with quetiapine, risperidone, ziprasi-... 

LiX, Takahashi M, Kushida K, Inoue T (1998) The preventive and interventional effects of raloxifene analog (LY117018 HC1) on osteopenia in ovariectomized rats. J Bone Miner Res 13 1005-1010... 

Authors Subjects MethodAask Intervention Effect of nicotine during task... 

CATIE Clinical antipsychotic trial of intervention effectiveness... 

CLINICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC TRIALS OF INTERVENTION EFFECTIVENESS (CATIE)... 

As already noted, in the clinical antipsychotic trials of intervention effectiveness among adults exposed to older neuroleptics and several atypicals (Nasrallah, 2007), no difference was found between the older antipsychotic drugs and the newer ones in regard to producing extrapy-ramidal effects, movement disorders, or akathisia. 

The CATIE project will evaluate the clinical effectiveness of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia and of Alzheimer s disease. Although antipsychotics were first introduced for the treatment of schizophrenia, they are now used for many other disorders. It is unclear how effective they are and, most important, in view of their rather high cost, how favorably they compare to the first generation of antipsychotics, all of which are available in generic (and thus much less expensive) forms. The CATIE (Clinical Antipsychotic Trials in Intervention Effectiveness) study has specific aims, including the determination of long-term effectiveness and tolerability of the atypical antipsychotics, compared to each and to a typical or classic antipsychotic. At this... 

Kini AS, Mitre CA, Kim M, Kamran M, Reich D, Sharma SK. A protocol for prevention of radiographic contrast nephropathy during percutaneous coronary intervention effect of selective dopamine receptor agonist fenoldopam. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2002 55(2) 169-73. 

McEvoy JP, Meyer JM, Goff DC, et al. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia baseline results from the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) schizophrenia trial and comparison with national estimates from NHANES III. Schizophr Res 2005 80 19-32. 

Monitor and evaluate medication compliance and plan or intervention effectiveness with medications in regard to level of functioning... 

Brodkin, C.A., and Hammar, S., Risk factors for lung cancer and for intervention effects in CARET, the Beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 88,1550, 1996. 

The initial signs of exposure to small quantities of agent vapor are miosis, rhinorrhea, and airway constriction.714 Larger amounts will cause loss of consciousness, seizure activity,14 cessation of respiration15 and cardiac activity, and death, unless there is medical intervention. Effects occur within minutes of exposure,1415 and after a large exposure (Ct of 10-200 mg min/m3, depending on the agent16), death occurs in 10 to 15 minutes. 

Efficacy-oriented trials are usually conducted after initial safety-oriented trials have established that the intervention has met safety criteria, but they will always have safety questions and elements as well. In this type of study, the goal is to objectively determine the therapeutic effect. Whatever the type of intervention, these studies are designed around the bottom-Hne question Is the intervention effective In many cases (e.g., drugs for neurologic disorders, exercise programs for musculoskeletal injuries, etc.). 

Wessels AM, Pollock BG, Anyama NG, Schneider LS, Lieberman JA, Marder SR, Bies RR. Association of 9-hydroxyrisperidone concentrations with risk of switching or discontinuation in the clinical antipsychotic trial of intervention effectiveness-Alzheimer s disease trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2010 30 683-7. 

What are the interactions between diet/nutrition and cognitive capacity Presumably, neuronal function is most vulnerable during brain cell division and myelin maturation, i.e., during gestation and infancy. Chronic, severe protein-calorie malnutrition at this stage is associated with mental retardation. Conclusions as to whether nutritional supplementation prevents this behavioural pathology are hampered by intervention effects not easily dissected, notably amelioration of other medical conditions and of the psychosocial milieu. Early childhood malnutrition has been extensively reviewed, and only the salient aspects will be considered in this paper. 

Joel Haight (2005) made these comments in Interventions Effectiveness Research Analysis of a Complete Interactive Safety Health Program. 

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