Castor fiber

European beaver, Castor fiber, Germany from cadmium-contaminated estuary ... 

Beaver Castor fiber Eeces, urine, castoreum, AGS Rosell andNolet, 1997... 

Rosell, F., Bergan, F., and Parker, H. (1998). Scent marking in the Eurasian beaver [Castor fiber) as a means of territory defense. Journal of Chemical Ecology 24, 207-219. 

Castoreum is an unpleasantly sharp-smelling, oily substance secreted by special glands of beavers. Castor fiber L. (Castoridae), living in Canada, Alaska, and Siberia. Both sexes secrete the substance, which accumulates in an abdominal pouch, also called castoreum. Dilute castoreum (e.g., as a tincture in ethanol) smells pleasantly of birch tar and musk and is slightly fruity. 

Furyl)-8-methyloctahydroindolizine (4) was isolated from Castor fiber L. and is the first example of a Nuphar alkaloid with an indolizine chromophore (26). Structure 4 was proposed by the examination of mass spectra. 

Furyl)-8-methyl- Castor fiber L. Amorphous — c h19no, 26... 

Isocastoramine (10) was isolated from Castor fiber L. (26) and represents an alkaloid with a hydroxyl group in the B ring (C-8) of the quinolizidine system. The structure of 10 was determined by spectroscopic methods and by transformation of 10 into a mixture of (-)-deoxynupharidine (14) and (—)-7-epideoxynupharidine (15). 

Resell F, Nolet BA (1997) Factors affecting scent-marking behavior in Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber). J Chem Ecol 23 673-689... 

Furyl)-8-methyloctahydroindolizine (12) has been isolated from the scent-gland of the Canadian beaver Castor fiber L.), together with (-)-castoramine and a series of related quinolizidines and other alkaloids. The alkaloid (12) is only a minor... 

Castoreum. Castor. Castor fiber. G. 124. Castoreum. The castor. 

The previous review on Nuphar (water-lily) alkaloids in this treatise appeared in Volume 35, and covered the period 1974-1987 (7). It overlapped in part with the treatment of simple bicyclic Nuphar metabolites in Volume 28 (7). Nuphar alkaloids include sesquiterpenoid monomeric (C15) piperidine and quinolizidine alkaloids as well as more complex dimeric (C30) sulfur-containing metabolites. Related metabolites isolated from the scent glands of the Canadian beaver, Castor fiber, also include a unique indolizidine alkaloid 944 606). Only the indolizidine and simple quinolizidine alkaloids are relevant to the present review. Compounds mentioned in the ensuing discussion are illustrated in Fig. 18. 

C.jHjjNOj, Mr 249.35, mp. 64.5-65.6 C, [a]g -80 (CHCI3). perfume industry. The animals use the glands for territorial marking. Apart from alkaloids like C. the castoreum contains phenolic compounds that influence the behavior of the animals C. itself does not appear to play a role. ... 

Nolet, B. A., and Rosell, F., 1998, Comdrack of the beaver Castor fiber, an overview of old and new conservation problems, Biol. Conserv. 83 165-173. 

Rosell, F. 2002, The function of scent marking in beaver (Castor fiber) territorial defence, PhD thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. 

Gr( )nneberg, T. 0. 1978. Analysis of a wax ester fraction from the anal gland secretion of beaver Castor fiber) by chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Chem. Scr., 13, 56-58. 

Lederer, E. 1946. Chemistry and biochemistry of the scent glands of the beaver Castor fiber). Nature, 157, 231-232. 

Definition Derived from Castor fiber L. and C. canadensis... 

Definition From Castor fiber and C. canadensis Uses Natural flavoring agent in foods Regulatory FDA 21CFR 182.50 FEMA GRAS... 

The original structure of (— )-deoxynupharidine (15) was not correct and much of the earlier literature concerning these alkaloids contains erroneous structures. The compound has a l/ ,4/f,7/f,9a/ configuration, as indicated in Fig. 36.4 (Howard and Michael, 1986). Similar alkaloids have been isolated from the scent glands of the Canadian beaver. Castor fiber (Fig. 36.4). The oil of this gland or castoreum is used as a fixative in the perfumery industry. (— )-Deoxynu-pharidine (15) is one of the components of the complex mixture of compounds found in this oil. Although it is not clear. 

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