Bayer’s acid

Broenner acid Casella s acid Chicago acid (SS acid) chromotropic acid Cleve s acid crocein (Bayer s acid) epsilon acid G acid... 

There are several processes available for the manufacture of cryoHte. The choice is mainly dictated by the cost and quaUty of the available sources of soda, alumina, and fluoriae. Starting materials iaclude sodium aluminate from Bayer s alumina process hydrogen fluoride from kiln gases or aqueous hydrofluoric acid sodium fluoride ammonium bifluoride, fluorosiUcic acid, fluoroboric acid, sodium fluosiUcate, and aluminum fluorosiUcate aluminum oxide, aluminum sulfate, aluminum chloride, alumina hydrate and sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, and sodium aluminate. 

Working in Bayer s pharmaceutical laboratory in Elberfeld, Germany, Hoffman acetylated salicylic acid in August 1897. The resultant acetylsalicylic acid powder had few of the drawbacks of sodium salicylate, and besides relieving father Hoffman s rheumatoid aches and pains, it had some additional benefits as well. Bayer scientists found aspirin helped to relieve headaches and toothaches, reduced fever, and decreased inflammation. 

It is true that Japan s Ajinomoto and Kyowa Hakko, in particular, have become masters of the art of producing amino acids. Likewise, enzymes have remained the specialty of Novo (now Novo Nordisk) in Denmark, Gist Brocades in Holland, and Bayer s subsidiary Miles in the United States, which together account for 60 percent of the world needs in the area. 

In the United States, there are only two producers of citric acid (Pfizer and Bayer s subsidiary, Miles) and of vitamin C (Pfizer and Hoffmann-La Roche) and a single producer of saccharin (PMC, which bought Maumee from Sherwin Williams), sorbates (Monsanto), and carrageenates (FMC since it acquired Marine Colloids). 

Cleve s acid (l-naphthylamine-7-sulfonic acid) is used in dye manufacture. The preparation is described in U.S. 2,875,243 (to Bayer). Estimate the cost of production. 

This acid is technically known as F-acid, and is identical with the acid prepared by the diazo-reaction from Bayer s 3-naphthyl-amine-S-sulphonic acid. 

Towards the end of the 19th century, the German dye industry embarked on diversification based on its coal-tar intermediates. These became important medicinal products, including Bayer s aspirin, made from the intermediate salicylic acid (o-hydroxybenzoic acid). The first local anesthetics were esters of aminobenzoic acid. In 1906, Hoechst introduced the anesthetic novocaine (45), marketed as the hydrochloride of diethylaminoethyl p-aminobenzoate, based on the research of Alfred Einhom. Novocaine was the standard... 

The Bayer Baytown isocyanate plant received an almost 1 billion investment in the late 1990s, at which time First Chemical constructed the adjacent aniline plant dedicated to Bayer s requirements. Other firms at Baytown supply nitric acid and formaldehyde. This industrial park concept with a full range of support services supplied by the host company, in this case Bayer, has been popular in Europe for several years, and is rapidly gaining favor in the US30. 

McLean, P., Reid, E., and Gurney, M. W., Effect of azo-dye carcinogenesis on enzymes concerned with urea synthesis in the rat. Biochem. J. 91, 464-473 (1964). McLean, P., and Rossi, F., Changes in the activities of urea-cycle enzymes after the administration of carbon tetrachloride. Biochem. J. 91, 261-270 (1964). McMurray, W. C., Mohyuddin, F., Bayer, S. M., and Rathbun, J. C., Citrul-linuria a disorder of amino acid metabolism associated with mental retardation. Int. Copenhagen Congr. Sci. Study Meat. Retard., Proc. 3rd 1, 117 (1964). McMurray, W. C., Rathbun, J. C., Mohyuddin, F., and Koegler, S. J., Citrul-linuria. Pediatrics 32, 347-357 (1963). 

Pharmaceutical companies, which are interested in the terpenoid vitamins - A, E and K - will use citral as an intermediate and may therefore branch out into fragrances. For this reason, Hoffmann-La Roche once owned the fragrance company Givaudan. Similarly, salicylic acid was a common intermediate for some of the fragrance ingredients produced by Haarmann and Reimer and the aspirin produced by their parent company Bayer. The Reimer in question is the Reimer of the Reimer-Tiemann reaction and it was his chemistry upon which Bayer s business was built. Similarly, the Japanese company, Kuraray, manufactures synthetic rubber from butadiene and isoprene and so has diversified into terpenoid aroma chemical manufacture from these basic feedstocks. 

Cleve s Acid, 8-Amino-2-naphthaIenesulfonic etid l-naphthylamine-7-sulfonic acid. Empirical formula etc. see 1,6-Cleve s Acid above. Prepn Erdmann, Ann. 171, 262 (1893) Roos et al. U.S, pat. 2,875,243 (1959 to Bayer). Industrial synthesis Nakahara er al., J. Syn. Org. Chem. Japan. 29, 1129 (1971). 

Fenitrothion. Phosphorothioic acid 0,0-dimethyl 0-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl) ester O.O-dimethyl O-4-nitro-m-tolyl phosphorothioate O.O-dimethyl 0-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate O.O-dimethyl O-4-nitro-m-tolyl thiophosphate MEP metathion Bayer 41831 Bayer S 5660 ENT 23715 OMS 45 AC 47300 Accothion Cyten Cyfen Folithion Sumithion. C H, jNOjPS mol wt 277.25. C 38.99%, H 4.36%, N 5.05%, O 28.85%. P 11.17%, S... 

Synonyms Bay 25141 Bayer 25141 Bayer S 161 Chemagro 25,141 Dasanit 0,0-Diethyl O-4-methylsulphinylphenyl phosphorothioate 0,0-Diethyl (9-p-methylsulphi-nylphenyl phosphorothioate 0,0-Diethyl O-p-methylsulphinylphenyl thiophosphate DMSP ENT 24945 OMS 37 Phosphorothioic acid 0,0-diethyl 0-(p-(methylsulfi-nyl)phenyl) ester Terracur P. 

Synonyms B 29493 Bay 29493 Baycid Bayer 9007 Bayer 24493 Bayer S 1752 Bay-tex 0,0-Dimethyl (9-4-(methylmercapto)-3-methylphenyl phosphorothioate 0,0-Dimethyl 0-4-(methylmercapto)-3-methylphenylthiophosphate 0,0-Dimethyl 0-(3-methyl-4-methylmercaptophenyl) phosphorothioate 0,0-Dimethyl 0-(3-methyl-4-methylthiophe-nyl) phosphorothioate 0,0-Dimethyl 0-(4-methylthio-3-methylphenyl) phosphorothioate 0,0-Dimethyl 0-(4-methylthio-w-tolyl) phosphorothioate DMTP ENT 25540 Entex Lebaycid Mercaptophos 4-Methylmercapto-3-methylphenyl dimethyl thiophos-phate MPP NCI-C08651 OMS 2 Phosphorothioic acid 0,0-dimethyl 0-(3-methyl-4-(methylthio)phenyl) ester Queletox S 1752 Spottan Talodex Tiguvon. 

The ketone used is most often acetone, though a more powerful alternative is methyl trifluoromethyl ketone [27]. The source of permonosulphate is either the triple salt, 2KHSO5.KHSO4.K2SO4, or neutralised Caro s acid [28]. The scope of the method is limited by the tendency of many ketones to undergo Bayer-Villiger oxidation in preference to dioxir-ane formation. 

Freitag and Reinking reported on the property profile of Bayer s commercial polyarylate [31], They observed that polyarylate was less sensitive to specimen thickness than polycarbonate in the notched izod impact test. They stated that polyarylate is quite similar to polycarbonate in hydrolytic degradation by alkalis, dilute acids, and hot water. The injection moldability... 

The preparation of DADP in an aqueous environment in the presence of large amounts of sulfuric acid as catalyst has been published by Bayer and Villager, Phillips and Pastureau [17, 25, 26] and in presence of other mineral acids by us [8]. Preparation in a nonaqueous environment has been reported from acetonitrile [2, 22, 27, 28], ether [11], dichloromethane [13], or acetic anhydride [29]. Other catalysts including Caro s acid [11] and methanesulfonic acid [13] have also been reported. 

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