Batch chamber

Copper Bovine liver, river water, lake water MIBK UV-Vis 5.0 pgL-1 Flow system with gaseous carrier streams micro-batch chamber for chemical reactions, extraction and phase separation l-(2 -pyridylazo) naphthol in the organic phase [460]... 

Batch chamber, parallel plates, d = 0.25 cm, A = 2.01 cm Cylindrical chamber,... 

The batch method is the easiest and was the first DEP technique developed. For biological DEP a batch chamber can be constructed on a microscope slide. The electrodes (two parallel wires for example) are placed in a pocket or inside a capillary tube that is mounted on the slide (Figure 7). The chamber is large enough to hold 1 or 2 drops of cell suspension and measurements of the number cells collected on the electrodes can be easily made 1 or 2 minutes after the field is applied. The chamber is then rinsed and dried and the process is repeated as often as desired. Batch methods are simple, low cost, and can accurately characterize cells, even... 

Continuous Compression Filters. The variable chamber principle appHed to batch filtration, as described before, can also be used continuously in belt presses and screw presses. 

Enerco, Inc. (Yardley, Pennsylvania) has a 600 tine/d demonstration pyrolysis plant located in Indiana, Pennsylvania. The faciUty operated 8 h/d, 5 d/wk for six months. The process involves pyrolysis in a 5.4 t/d batch-operated retort chamber. The heated tines are broken down to cmde oil, noncondensable gases, pyrolytic filter, steel (qv), and fabric waste. In this process, hot gases are fed direcdy to the mbber rather than using indirect heating as in most other pyrolyses. The pyrolysis plant was not operating as of early 1996. 

There are several types of deposition chamber configurations (Fig. 2). The batch-type system is the most commonly used, but the requirement that the system be returned or let-up to ambient pressure on each cycle can pose problems in obtaining a reproducible processing environment. The load-lock system and the in-line system allows the deposition chamber to be kept under vacuum at all times and the substrates introduced and removed through... 

Fig. 2. Vacuum processing chamber configuration (a) batch coater (b) load-lock coater (c) in-line coater (d) cluster tool (e) roU coater (batch) and (f) roU coater (air-to-air), [[ccsq]] represents the isolation valve with transfer tooling [[artl]], the motion of fixturing and [[art2]], the access door.

Active Dry Yeast (ADY). The production of active dry yeast is very similar to the production of compressed yeast. However, a different strain of yeast is used and the nitrogen content is reduced to 7% of soHds compared with 8—9% for compressed yeast. The press cake made with the active dry yeast strain is extmded through a perforated plate in the form of thin strands with a diameter of 2—3 mm and a length of 3—10 mm. The strands are dried on endless belts of steel mesh in drying chambers (a continuous process) or in roto-louvre dryers (a batch process), with the temperature kept below 40°C. Drying time in drying chambers is 3—4 h and in roto-louvre dryers is 6 h or more. The final moisture level attained is 7.5—8%. 

Vacuum-Shelf Dryers Vacuum-shelf diyers are indirec t-heated batch diyers consisting of avacuumtight chamber usually constructed of cast iron or steel plate, heated, supporting shelves within the chamber, a vacuum source, and usually a condenser. One or two doors are provided, depending on the size of the chamber. The doors are sealed with resihent gaskets of rubber or similar material (Fig. 12-49). 

These formerly involved the use of banks of externally heated, horizontal retorts, operated on a batch basis. They were replaced by continuously operated vertical retorts, in some cases electrically heated. Unfortunately none of these processes has the thermal efficiency of a blast furnace process (p. 1072) in which the combustion of the fuel for heating takes place in the same chamber as the reduction of the oxide. The inescapable problem posed by zinc is that the reduction of ZnO by carbon is not spontaneous below the boiling point of Zn (a problem not encountered in the smelting of Fe, Cu or Pb, for instance), and the subsequent cooling to condense the vapour is liable, in the presence of the combustion products, to result in the reoxidation of the metal ... 

Access to Practice. Publications and patents on the batch mass process are limited. Bishop s book CD contains the most detailed description of the polymerization press and mass-suspension processes for PS and HIPS. Fong (16) presents an economic analysis of the press process based on Bishop s description. Patent references are few for the batch-mass process the 1939 Bakelite patent on transfer of prepoly syrup to chambers or containers is of historical interest (17). 

In the mixing chamber, both rotors and the drop door are temperature controlled by means of a closed-loop water control. The positive effect of steady thermal conditions on batch to batch uniformity has been reported by Melotto. ... 

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