Basophil activation markers

The identification of basophil cells was initially based on the presence of the high affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E and expression of CD45 or protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C (PTPRC) also known as leukocyte common antigen, a FTP signaling molecule found on all leukocytes. To distinguish basophils from other leukocyte populations, a number of selection strategies are possible. One procedure 

Overall, the claimed superior performance of CD203c has been questioned in more than one study with comments that the presently widely 

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From the study, one can conclude overall that flow cytometry can be used to examine histamine and its release along with the simultaneous quantification of basophil activation markers. This methodology has been termed HistaFlow by the authors. Results demonstrated that the appearance of CD63 indicates anaphylactic degranulation and significant histamine release whereas... 

The detection of reactions mediated by specific IgE to agents triggering anaphylaxis may be achieved by means of serological methods serum-specific IgE, or by means of cellular tests which determine the release of basophil mediators (leukotrienes and histamine) or by means of the analysis of basophil expression markers, a technique known as the basophil activation test (BAT). 

The principle underlying the BAT is that the attachment of the antigen to the IgE present on the surface of the basophil leads to the activation of the basophil and the release of its mediators (histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, etc.) and the expression on its membrane of molecules such as CD63, CD203c or others which are markers of basophil activation. The basophils are identified with monoclonal antibodies marked with fluorochromes and anti-IgE and anti-CD63 receptors [for a complete review, we suggest readers read references 19-22]. 

Gamboa PM. Sanz ML. Caballero MR. Antepara I. Urrutia I. Gonzalez G. Dieguez I. De Week AL Use of CD63 expression as a marker of in vitro basophil activation and leukotriene determination in methi- 46 mazole allergic patients. Allergy 2003 58 312-317. 

Eberlein-Konig B. Rakoski J, Behrendt H, Ring J Use of CD63 expression as marker of in vitro basophil activation in identifying the culprit in insect venom allergy. J Investig Allergol Chn Immunol 2004 14 10-16. 

In contrast to the above results, the basophil activation test was positive to the implicated quinolone in all five subjects with immediate reactions to a quinolone who were tested [19 ]. However, this assay quantified CD203C, which may be a more sensitive marker than CD63 for detecting IgE-mediated allergy. 

Incubation of cells with the stimulation buffer provides the all-important negative control, fliat is, the spontaneous expression of the activation marker. In general, negative controls remain below 5 % in 80 % of cases. For the positive control, anti-IgE, eiflier as a monoclonal or polyclonal antibody, is employed although the latter is generally superior since monoclonal anti-IgE antibodies are often poor activators of basophils. A monoclonal antibody to flie high affinity IgE receptor FceRI... 

So far a suitable test for the detection of PPI-specific IgE antibodies does not appear to be available. There are at least two reports of a positive basophil activation test on patients allergic to omeprazole—one utilizing the CD63 basophil marker that was positive to omeprazole but negative to pantoprazole and the other detected by the flow-cytometric cellular allergen simulation test (FAST). 

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