Basin Baltic Sea

Republic of Korea North Sea watersheds Northeastern U.S. Yellow River basin Mississippi River basin Baltic Sea watersheds St. Lawrence River basin Southwestern Europe Labrador and Hudson s Bay... 

Volkov 1. L, Rozanov A. G., and Zhabina N. N. (1983) Sulfur compounds in sediments of the Gotland Basin (Baltic Sea). Lithology and Mineral Resour. 18(6), 584-598. 

Hagen, E., Feistel, R., 2004. Observations of low-frequency current fluctuations in deep water of the Eastern Gotland Basin/Baltic Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, C03044, doi 10.1029/ 2003JC002017. 

Hille, S., 2005. New aspects of sediment accumulation and reflux of nutrients in the Eastern Gotland Basin (Baltic Sea) and its impact on nutrient cycling. PhD thesis, Univ. Rostock. 

Heiser, U., Neumann, T., Scholten, J., Stiiben, D., 2001. Recycling of manganese from anoxic sediments in stagnant basins by seawater inflow a study of surface sediments from the Gotland basin, Baltic Sea. Marine Geology, 177, 151-166. 

Christoffersen, P. L., Christiansen, C., Jensen, J. B., Leipe, T., Hille, S., 2007. Depositional conditions and organic matter distribution in the Bornholm Basin, Baltic Sea. Geo-Marine Letters, doi 10.1007/S00367-007-0054-6. 

Emelyanov, E. M., (Ed.), 2002. Geology of the Gdansk Basin—Baltic Sea, Yantarny Skaz,... 

Zettler, M. L.,Frankowski, J. Rdhner, M., 2006. Long term changes of macrozoobenthos in the Arkona Basin (Baltic Sea). Boreal Environmental Research, 11, 247-260. 

Voss, R., Koster, F. W., Diekmann, M., 2003. Comparing the feeding habits of co-occurring sprat (Sprattus sprattus) and cod (Gadus morhua) larvae in the Bornholm Basin, Baltic Sea. Fisheries Research, 63, 97-111. 

Falandysz J, Strandberg L, Bergquvist P (1996) Polychlorinated naphthalenes in sediment and biota from the Gdansk Basin, Baltic Sea. Environ Sci Technol 30, 3266-3274. 

Wenzhofer, F., Greeff, O. and Riess, W., 2002. Benthic carbon mineralization in sediments of Gotland Basin, Baltic Sea, measured in situ with benthic landers. In Taillefert, M., Rozan, T.F. (eds.) Environmental electrochemistry analyses of trace element biogeochemistry. American Chemical Society Symposium Series 811, Washington DC, pp. 162-185. 

Formation of the shallow-water concretions is associated with anoxic conditions that range in duration from seasonal to nearly continuous. For example, in the Baltic Sea, nodules and crusts are mostly found around the margins of the deep anoxic basins. They form from Mn and Fe that accumulates from the reduction of Mn and Fe oxides in the anoxic deep waters. When the basin is periodically flushed with oxic water from the North Sea, about once a decade, the concretions undergo growth as the fresh supply of metals is oxidized. 

Salt is very widely diffused in the waters of the globe. Most rivers carry traces, and when they discharge into land-locked basins, and when the waters are cone, by evaporation, salt-lakes are formed. The waters of the Baltic Sea contain between 02 and 08 per cent, of saline matters, whereas the waters of the Dead Sea contain up to 25 per cent. It has been estimated that next to water, salt is one of the most abundant mineral substances on the crust of the earth. The composition of the solids held in soln. in the waters of a number of oceans and seas is indicated in Table XIV. 

Conley, D.J., Humborg, C., Rahm, L., Savchuk, O.P., and Wulff, F. (2002) Hypoxia in the Baltic Sea and basin-scale changes in phosphorus biogeochemistry. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36, 5315-5320. 

Pohl, C., Loffler, A., and Hennings, U. (2004) A sediment trap flux for trace metals under seasonal aspects in the stratified Baltic Sea (Gotland Basin 57° 19.20 N 20°03.00/E). Mar. Chem. 84, 143-160. 

Rachev N, Stanev EV (1997) Eddy dynamics controlled by basin scale, coastline and topography. In Ozsoy E, Mikaelyan A (eds) Sensitivity to change Black Sea, Baltic Sea and Northern Sea. Kluwer, Dordrecht, p 341... 

Hannerz F., Destouni G. (2006) Spatial characterization of the Baltic Sea drainage basin and its unmonitored catchments. Ambio 35(5) 214—219. 

N2O profiles from oceanic regions with suboxic zones such as the Arabian Sea and the eastern tropical North Pacific Ocean, which are sites of intense denitrification activities, generally show a two-peak structure (Fig. 2.3) N2O maxima are found at the upper and lower boundaries of the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ), whereas in the core of the suboxic zone, N2O concentrations are considerably depleted (Bange et ah, 2001b Cohen and Gordon, 1978). In anoxic water masses such as found in the central Baltic Sea, the Cariaco Basin, and Saanich Inlet, N2O concentrations are close to the detection limit or not detectable (Brettar and Rheinheimer, 1991 Cohen, 1978 Hashimoto et ah, 1983 Ronner, 1983 Walter et ah, 2006b). 

In anoxic waters, such as the deep basin of the central Baltic Sea or parts of the shallow Po River delta, N2O is consumed by water-column denitrification. 

In contrast to denitrification, permanent burial of N is probably mostly taking place in sediments below the halocfine. Accumulation bottoms only account for approximately 40% of the Baltic Proper, and even less in the other major basins, while transportation and erosion bottoms make up some 40% and 20% of the Baltic Sea, respectively (Carman and CederwaU, 2001). Sediment nitrogen burial in Baltic Proper offshore sediments has been estimated to 91—245 kt N year (Jansson,... 

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