Baltic Sea

Amber. The hardest of all the resins, amber is stiU collected along the shores of the Baltic Sea. The pieces are poHshed to an attractive pale yeUow-to-dark brown stone and made into ornamental objects. 

Rfiine sediment, St. Lawrence and Tennessee Rivers, Great Lakes, Puget Sound, Rhode Island coast. North Sea, Baltic Sea... 

Siilivask, K. (1998) Europe, Science and the Baltic Sea, in Euroscientia Forum (European Commission, Brussels) p. 29. 

In another study conducted during 1983-85, fish from the Baltic Sea were found to contain 0.003-0.029 pg/kg of 2,3,7,8-TCDD (Rappe et al. 1987). 

More recently, with the end of the Cold War, there has been a reduction in their stockpiles, in keeping with arms reduction treaties. At the same time, it has come to light that badly disposed canisters containing chemical weapons and originating from World War II are still around, for example, in some areas of the Baltic Sea. Thns, qnestions have been asked about their possible importance as environmental pollutants. 

Ross, P.S., de Swart, R.L., and Reijnders, P.J.H. et al. (1995). Contaminant related suppression of delayed type hypersensitivity and antibody responses in harbor seals from the Baltic Sea. Environmental Health Perspectives 103, 162. 

Nodularia spwnigena has also been shown to produce a peptide with hepato-toxic activity. The more recent reports come from Australia (76), the German Democratic Republic (77), Denmark (78), Sweden (79), and Finland (80,81). Recently structure information on Nodularia toxin has been presented by Rinehart (97) for waterbloom material collected in Lake Forsythe, New Zealand, in 1984 by Eriksson et al. (81) from waterbloom material collected in the Baltic Sea in 1986, and Runnegar et al. (82) for a field isolate from the Peel Inlet, Perth, Australia. Structure work by Rinehart, Eriksson, and Runnegar all indicate that the peptide is smaller than the heptapeptide toxins. Rinehart s work (97) indicates the toxin is a pentapeptide with a similar structure to the heptapeptides and containing fi-methylaspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine, dehydrobutyrine, and ADDA (MW 824). 

Wiberg K, E Brorstom-Lunden, TF Bidleman, P Haglund (2001) Concentrations and fluxes of hexachloro-cyclohexanes and chiral composition of a-HCH in environmental samples from the southern Baltic Sea. Environ Sci Technol 35 4739-4746. 

Bruns A, H Cypionka, J Overmann (2002) Cyclic AMP and acyl homoserine lactones increase cultivation efficiency of heterotrophic bacteria from the Central Baltic Sea. Appl Environ Microbiol 68 3978-3987. 

Porcelli D, Andersson PS, Wasserburg GJ, Ingri J, Baskaran M (1997) The importance of colloids and mires for the transport of uranium isotopes through the Kalis River watershed and Baltic Sea. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 61 4095-4113... 

Porcelli D, Andersson PS, Baskaran M, Wasserburg GJ (2001) Transport of U- and Th-series nuclides in a Baltic Shield watershed and the Baltic Sea. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 65 2439-2459 Puls RW, Powell RM (1992) Acquisition of representative ground-water quality samples for metals. Ground Water Monitor Remediat 12 167-176... 

In the Delaware and Chesapeake estuaries (USA), uranium shows distinctly nonconservative behavior at salinities <5 (Sarin and Church 1994 Church et al. 1996). This was suggested to be due to sedimentary redox processes in the extensive salt marshes in the Delaware and Chesapeake bays. From mass balance calculations it was concluded that almost two-thirds of the uranium in the tidal waters were retained in the sediments. It was also suggested that, extrapolated globally, uranium removal in salt marshes and marine wetlands, including mangroves, are important sinks for U that may responsible for up to 50% of the total marine removal (Church et al. 1996). Removal of U is also observed within the Baltic Sea, related to the association of U with colloids (see Section 2.5). 

Loder TC, Reichard RP (1981) The dynamics of conservative mixing in estuaries. Estuar 4 64-69 Lolvendahl R (1987) Dissolved uranium in the Baltic Sea. Marine Chem 21 213-227 Maeda M, Windom H L (1982) Behavior of uranium in two estuaries of the southeastern United States. Marine Chem 11 427-436... 

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