Banana, Musa

Wall MM. 2006. Ascorbic acid, vitamin A, and mineral composition of banana (Musa sp.) and papaya (Carica papaya) cultivars grown in Hawaii. J Food Comp Anal 19 434 145. 

Krishnan K and Vijayalakshmi NR. 2005. Alterations in lipids lipid peroxidation in rats fed with flavonoid rich fraction of banana (Musa paradisiaca) from high background radiation area. Ind J Med Res 122(6) 540-546. 

The Indo-Pacific rain forest is the mother ground of the banana Musa spp.), mango (Mangifera indica), chewing gum (fi-om Dyera costulata), and many spices (Table 13.1).With the advent of freezers, the spices have lost much importance as food preservatives, but their culinary role remains, albeit undermined by the fest food industry. Spices span a large variety of stmctures, from small isoprenoids to shikimates. 

Banana (Musa sapientum L.) is one of the most common tropical fruits, and one of Central America s most important crops. It is grown in all tropical regions and is one of the oldest known fruits [45]. From a consumer perspective, bananas are nutritious with a pleasant flavour and are widely consumed throughout the world [57]. Esters predominate in the volatile fraction of banana (Fig. 8.2). Acetates are present in high concentrations in the fruit and generally possess a low threshold. Isopentyl acetate and isobutyl acetate are known as the two most important impact compounds of banana aroma. Alcohols are the second most important group of volatiles in banana extracts. 3-Methyl-1-butanol, 2-pentanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, hexanol, and linalool are the alcohols present in higher concentrations in the fresh fruit [45]. 

In the banana Musa acuminata (Musaceae), a series of novel phenalenone-type compounds, including irenolone and 2-(4 -hydroxyphenyl)-l,8-naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride, have been identified (Figure 29) 279,280 In the Compositae, acetophenone derivatives in yacon (Polymnia sonchifolia)114 and the coumarins scopoletin and ayapin in sunflower (Helianthus annuus f81 have been reported (Figure 29). 

Englyst, H. N., and Cummings, J. H. (1986). Digestion of the carbohydrates of banana (Musa paradisiaca sapientum) in the human small intestines. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 44,42-50. 

Banana (Musa sapientum, M.paradisiaca, M. acuminata, M. balbisiana and hybrids thereof, Musaceae)... 

Anthracnose caused by infection with a fungus Colletotrichum musae is a common disease of banana, Musa acuminata. The unripe green fruit of banana shows resistance to the growth of fungal hyphae, and the pathogen is quiescent until the fruit ripens. Phytoalexins produced by the unripe fruit were isolated by Hirai et al., and 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)naphthalene-l,8-dicarboxylic anhydride (44, Figure 2.29) was identified as the major and the strongest component of the phytoalexins.93... 

Ma, X.-W. and Shimokawa, K. 1998. In vitro studies of ethylene-enhanced chlorophyll degrading peroxidase and its reaction products in banana Musa sapientum L.). J. Jpn. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 67, 3-15. 

RufyUdri, G., Dufey, J.E., Nootens, D., Delvaux, B., 2001. Effect of aluminium on bananas Musa spp.) cultivated in acid solutions. II. Water and nutrient uptake. Fruits 56, 3-14. 

Galeazzi, M.A.M., Sgarbieri, V.C., and Constantinides, S.M. Isolation, purification and physicochemical characterization of polyphenoloxidases from a drawf variety of banana (musa cavendishii L.), /. Food... 

Histamine (11) and serotonin (3) are found in the stinging hairs of several species such as Cnidoscolus texams (Eu-phorbiaceae), Mucuna pruriens (Fabaceae), and Urtica di-oica (Urticaceae), as well as vegetative materials of Cnidoscolus urens, and fruits of the banana, Musa sapentium (Lookadoo and Pollard, 1991 Seigler and Bloomfield, unpublished data Smith, 1980). 

Duff SJB, Murray WD (1990) Non aqueous reaction systems for the oxidation of higher molecular weight alcohols by alcohol oxidase from Pichia pastoris. In Charalambous G (ed) Flavours and off-flavours 89. Developments in food science, vol 24. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 701-713 Esguerra EB, Kawada K, Kitagawa H (1992) Removal of astringency in Amas Banana (Musa AA group) with postharvest ethanol treatment. Acta Hortic 321 811-820 Eskin NAM (1979) Terpenoides and flavonoides. In Plant pigments, flavours and textures. Academic Press, New York, pp 65-93... 

M. Sumaila, I. Amber, and M. Bawa, Effect of fiber length on the physical and mechanical properties of ramdom oriented, nonwoven short banana (musa balbisiana) fibre/epoxy composite. Cellulose 62, 64 (2013). 

Banana Musa Musaceae Fresh, dried, cooked, baked... 

Ripe fruit, with some exceptions, does not contain starch. Bananas Musa sp.) contain a small amount of starch, followed by sweet chestnuts, also known as matrons Castanea sativa, Fagaceae) and various nuts. A higher starch content is found in the seed of the cashew tree Anacardium occidentale, Anacardiaceae), commonly called cashew nuts. 

The characteristic aroma components of bananas Musa x para-disiaca, Musaceae) are esters. Important components are largely acetic acid esters, and the most significant compound is isopentyl acetate. The typical banana odour comes from esters ofpentan-l-ol with acetic, propionic and butyric acids, while esters of butanols and hexanols with acetic and butyric acids generally show a fruity aroma. Other compounds also contribute to the full fine aroma. 

An unusual diaryUieptanoid (4 ,6 )-l,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) hepta-4,6-dien-3-one (10-177) was isolated from fruits of a banana (Musa x paradisiaca, cultivar derived from M. acuminata and M. balbisiana) together with a bicychc diaryUieptanoid, rel-(3S,4aR,10bJ )-8-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-9-methoxy-4a,5,... 

Banana Musa X paradisiaca Fruit <0.01 Unknown Unknown Unknown... 

Ethylene absorbers can reduce the rate of senescence and keep the cormnodity fresh for a long period. Jacobson et al. observed that LDPE package that contained an ethylene absorber retained the overall quality of broccoli and extended the acceptable shelf life (2004). Kudachikar et al. stored Banana (Musa sp var. Robusta ) imder active and passive MAP at 12 1°C and 85-90% RH. The active packaging rrsed green keeper (GK) ethylene absorbent. Results indicate that the shelf life of fruits packed imder MAP and MAP + GK can be extended up to 5 and 7 weeks, respectively as compared to 3 weeks for openly kept control fruits (2011). 

Adao, R.C. and Gloria, M.B.A. (2005) Bioactive amines and carbohydrate changes during ripening of Prata banana (Musa acuminata x M. balbisiana). Food Chem., 90, 705-711. 

Sdnchez-Rivera MM, Flores-Ramirez I, Zamudio-Elores PB, Gonzdlez-Soto RA, Rodrfguez-Ambn z SL, BeUo-Perez LA. 2010. Acetylation of banana Musa paradisiacal L.) and maize Zea mays L.) starches using a microwave heating procedure and iodine as catalyst Partial characterization. Starch/Starke 62 155-164. 

Althongh these are not common in cereals, type II resistant starches are highly crystalline native granules, such as those present in raw bananas (Musa acuminata) or potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), and resist digestion in the small intestine. 

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