Baling technologies

Powdered rubber based on E-SBR/carbon black compoimded in an internal mixer process is examined with respect to the advantages it affords in terms of enviromnental, handling and efficiency over conventional bale technology. This paper is the first part of a series of publications which discusses the individual rabber/filler systems in detail, and focuses on the system of carbon black-filled emulsion styrene butadiene rubber. It covers the selection of the raw materials, manufacture of products and their characterisation. 18 refs. 

Staple is produced by cutting a crimped tow into short lengths (usually 4—5 cm) resembling short, natural fibers. Acetate and triacetate staple are shipped in 180—366 kg bales, but production is quite limited. Conventional staple-processing technology appHed to natural fibers is used to process acetate and triacetate staple into spun yam. 

Norbert s father, however, surely did not send his son to France to enjoy its heady freedoms but to master its science and sugar technology. Vincent Rillieux, who had invented a steam-operated cotton-baling press, would have understood Louisiana s desperate need for modern technology. 

FactSage (Bale et al. 2002) which resulted from the fusion of the FACT-Win/F A C T and the ChemSage/SOLGASMIX (Eriksson and Hack, 1990) thermochemical packages (see www.crct.polymtl.ca and www. gtt-technologies.de). 

Regarding the improvement of overall economy of ABS and HIPS-production the polymerization of BD in the presence of styrene monomer is particularly worth mentioning (Sect. 3.3) [581-590]. By the implementation of this technology the total number of process steps and overall process complexity would be considerably reduced. In particular, the isolation of BR from the polymer solution and the drying and baling of BR at the end of the finishing process could be avoided. In addition, the preparation of BR solu-... 

Bales, S. J., How to Locate the Right Polishing and Plating Vendor, MoldMaking Technology, Sep. 2002. 

This is a vital problem for liquefaction and has failed in the advanced German trials. In Japan, liquefaction has first to defeat incineration, the technique that has prevailed in most municipahties. The rate of incineration in municipalities has reached 80% or so and 40 million tons of garbage are incinerated every year. From this point of view, the reduction of collection and baling costs as described above is an easy way to achieve this. Second is the question of how to reduce the liquefaction cost compared with those for the other feedstock recycling methods, such as application in the iron and steel industry and gasification for ammonia synthesis. These methods have the merits discussed above. On the other hand, liquefaction has many weak points, it is small in scale, complicated with a mixed raw material for fine technology, and has a low degree of operation, 50% or so. 

Bales, R. Ph.D. Thesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 1986. 

Catalyst particles enclosed in cloth wrapped in the form of bales [18-20]. This is the configuration used by Chemical Research Licensing (CR L) in their RD technology. Pockets are sewn into a folded cloth and then solid catalyst is loaded into the pockets. The pockets are sewn shut after loading the catalyst and the resulting belt or catalyst quilt is rolled with alternating layers of steel mesh to... 

The widely different and varied design of present-day viscose rayon plants makes it impractical to describe all of the facilities for making rayon. However, because the chemistry of the process is common to all viscose fiber production, a brief outline of the principal methods will help to consolidate the understanding of how rayon is made. The basic steps of viscose rayon manufacture are outlined schematically in Figure 10.62. Basically, there are two types of process technology, batch and continuous. Pulp is supplied normally in bales of a predetermined weight and sheet size or in rolls. 

For baling there are many different technologies and capacities available. Table 5.4 gives some definitions for a low-capacity baling option, a vertical baler. Typical bale dimensions are 60 x 32 x 48 inches. 

The most important fiber crop is cotton. Worldwide production of cotton in 1998 totaled about 91 million bales, each weighing about 480 lb. Given the high value textile uses of cotton, it is similarly unlikely that much cotton will be devoted to other uses. However, there are many millions of tons of wastes generated at cotton gins and mills that might be used industrially if appropriate, low-cost, conversion technologies were available. Chemically, these tree and fiber crops and their residues are essentially all... 

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