Baker confirmed

The slope of 2.0 was also reported by Azzi and Chance (1969), Ashley (1970), and Baker et al. (1971), although several values between 2.0 and 4.0 were also reported by other investigators. The slope of 2 indicates that one aequorin molecule needs to be bound with two Ca2+ for the emission of light to take place the requirement of two Ca2+ was confirmed later by the titration of aequorin with calcium ions (Shimomura, 1995c Shimomura and Inouye, 1996). In Fig. 4.1.7,... 

Golgi, in early neuroanatomical studies (1898) staining neurones by silver impregnation, observed a reticular apparatus which was crescent shaped and appeared to be linked through canaliculi. The structure was also seen in secretory cells. Between 1949 and 1954, Baker reported the presence of similar systems in unfixed cells examined by phase contrast. The structures could be stained by osmium tetroxide and probably contained lipid. They also stained for glycoprotein and alkaline phosphatase. Baker s confirmation of the existence of the... 

Baker, W. J. Chem. Soc. 1933, 1381. Wilson Baker (1900-2002) was bom in Rnn-com, England. He studied chemistry at Manchester under Arthur Lapworth and at Oxford under Robinson. In 1943, Baker was the first one who confirmed that penicillin contained sulfur, of which Robinson commented This is a feather in your cap. Baker. Baker began his independent academic career at University of Bristol. He retired in 1965 as the head of the School of Chemistry. Baker was a weU-known chemist centenarian, spending 47 years in retirement ... 

That the Indo-Pacific (Fig. 7.1.II) is an area of high natural product diversity was first revealed by the studies carried out in the 1970 s at the Roche Research Institute on the Great Barrier Reef (Baker 1980). Studies worldwide have since confirmed this richness, unsurpassed by any other area, either in the sea or on land. The variety of small peptides from the Indo-Pacific is impressive, characterized, particularly with the ascidians, by the condensation of the cysteine NH2 and SH groups with the COOH group of an adjacent amino acid. Thiazole and thiazoline rings are formed, which alternate with the normal peptide bonds formed by the other amino acids (Chart 7.2.P1-3). Correspondingly, threonine forms methyloxazoline moieties (Chart 7.2. A, 7.2.P1,7.2.P2). These condensations inqiose a drastic conformational bias to peptides (Abbenante 1996). 

One of the alleged hazards of drying, made much of in the 1920s and 1930s, can now be ignored safely. The efforts of one H. B. Baker purported to establish that intensive drying could alter the physical properties, in particular the vapour pressure, of certain liquids. The whole episode has been succinctly reviewed (Farrar, 1963), and the experience of many skillful workers over a further 25 years with systems far drier than Baker ever achieved, enables one to confirm Farrar s view that this was truly a mare s nest . 

Data of release rates for seven enzymes from baker s yeast with a high-pressure homogenizer revealed that differences in release rates agreed with reported locations in the cell but are not sufficient to fractionate the enzymes release rates did not seem to depend much on operating pressure, temperature, or initial cell concentration (Follows, 1971). Both the dependence of release rates on the location within the cell and the description of release by a first-order law has been confirmed in both yeast and E. coli with several disruption techniques such as sonica-tion, high-pressure homogenization, and hydrodynamic cavitation (Balasundaram, 2001). 

The formula (58) for di-m-xylylene was established by Baker et al. (1951) and confirmed by Brown s X-ray study. The linkage of the benzene rings by the (CH2)2 groups at the meta positions produces a ten-membered ring with the benzene rings located step-wise to permit adequate clearance at the central carbon atoms (Fig. 7). The molecule... 

The rationale used in the interpretation of the mass spectra of methylalkanes has been presented in several reports 2- vs. 4-methylalkanes (Baker et al., 1978 Scammells and Hickmott, 1976 McDaniel, 1990 Bonavita-Cougourdan et al., 1991) 2,X- and 3,X-dimethylalkanes (Nelson et al., 1980 Thompson et al., 1981) and internally branched mono-, di- and trimethylalkanes (Blomquist et al., 1987 Pomonis et al., 1980). In the majority of reports, identification is based on GC and MS data, but the conclusions are not confirmed with standards or synthesis of the proposed structures. However, there are reports of chemical ionization (Howard et al., 1980) and electron impact of synthetic methyl-branched hydrocarbons (Carlson et al., 1978, 1984 Pomonis et al., 1978, 1980) and these have been very useful in confirming mass spectral fragmentation patterns with chemical structures. 

Determination of Optical Yields. Optical yields of the siloxycyclopentenones derived from CPDK were determined by chiral HPLC (Chiracel OC column (J. T. Baker)) with the exception of the triphenylsilane derivative which was determined by optical rotation. 2-Butanol was derivatized to the corresponding diastereomeric urethanes with /Mnethylbenzylisocyanate according to literature procedures (32) the optical yield was then determined by G.C analysis using a Chirasil-L-Val column (Chrompack). The optical purity of the remaining alcohols (with the exception of a-tetralol optical rotation) was determined by chiral G.C. analysis of the underivatized alcohol using a CP-Cyclodextrin-B-2,3,6-M-19 column (Chrompack). Baseline resolution of the enantiomeric alcohols was achieved in all cases and it was observed that the / -isomer was eluted first without exception (confirmed by both optical rotation and G.C. analysis of independently prepared optically pure samples). 

Which has since been confirmed by various investigators. SeeShenstoneandCundall, Trans. Ghem. Soe., 1887, 51, 610 Shenstone, ibid., 1893, 63, 938 Baker, ibid., 1894, 63, 617. 

The magnetic resonance spectrum of HF was studied some nine years earlier than the electric resonance spectrum by Baker, Nelson, Leavitt and Ramsey [93] in this case the transitions studied were magnetic dipole, corresponding to reorientation of the proton and fluorine nuclear spins. Values of the nuclear spin rotation and dipolar constants were essentially confirmed by the later electric resonance measurements. We now describe measurements of the electric resonance spectrum in the additional presence of a strong magnetic field, carried out by de Leeuw and Dymanus [89]. 

This finding was later confirmed by Southern and Baker (21) and by Henry et al. (20), and the responsive tissues were expanded to includebone and kidney. Remarkably, slope (tissue Mn concentration regressed on Mn intake) was the same between 0 and 100 ppm dietary Mn as that occurring between 100 and 1000 ppm Mn. 

The initial work of Baker and Holdsworth [19], discussed in Section 7.1, outlined the role of a basic catalyst and demonstrated that an increase in base strength was accompanied by increased catalytic strength except when steric hindrance interfered. Evidence for. association of the tertiary airiine base with the isocyanate was given. Later workers have confirmed... 

In further studies, Baker and Gaunt 4b, e) investigated the effect of the alcohol concentration on the triethylamine and pyridine-catalyzed reaction with phenyl isocyanate, and were able to confirm fully the validity of Equation (7) at 20° and 30° for methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol. The data are shown in Fig. 1. The intercept on the ordinate is the value h/kjcs while the slope of the line is equal to ki. From these values, kz/ki were calculated. 

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