Proteolytic Activity, Bacterial

Involvement of complement activation in the etiology of the acute byssinotic reaction could explain the pathogenic mechanism of histamine release, non-histamine-mediated bronchoconstriction, chemotaxis, endotoxin and bacterial proteolytic enzyme action. Bronchoconstriction experienced in the acute byssinotic reaction might be attributed to the combined action of C3a and C5a mediated histamine release and non-histamine mediated kinin activity. The presence of PMN in the nasal airways of byssinotics might be explained by the chemotactic action of C5a and the C567 complex. 

Microorganisms found in the microflora from holding tanks belong primarily to the genera Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, Enterobacter, and Achromobacter. However, Pseudomonas predominates, and isolates from bulk milk show much more lipolytic and proteolytic activity than other psychrotrophs isolated (Stewart et al. 1975). Bacterial exocellular lipases have an optimum pH of 8.75, a relative optimum temperature at 37°C, and an absolute optimum temperature at 50°C (Driessen and Stadhouders 1974B). Kishonti (1975) reported two optimum temperatures at 30° and 55°C, respectively. 

Velcheva, P. and GHbova, D. 1978. Proteolytic activity of a milk-coagulating bacterial enzyme isolated from Bacillus mesentericus strain 90. Acta Microbiol Bulg. 1, 12-20. 

Rosso, A. L., and F. Azam. 1987. Proteolytic activity in coastal oceanic waters Depth distribution and relationship to bacterial populations. Marine Ecology Progress Series 41 231-240. 

Note Instead of the Glycine Buffer, some enzyme preparations may require the use of 0.01 M pH 8.0 Tris Buffer prepared as directed for Tris Buffer under Proteolytic Activity, Bacterial (PC), except to titrate with 1 N hydrochloric acid to pH 8.0. 

Bacterial Alpha-Amylase Activity, 789 Bacterial (PC) Proteolytic Activity, 811 Baking Soda, 355 Balances and Weights, 729 Balsam Fir Oil, 156 Balsam Peru Oil, 38, 574 Barium Chloride TS, 850 Barium Diphenylamine Sulfonate TS, 850 Barium Hydroxide TS, (S 1)114 Barium Hydroxide, 0.2 N, 856 Barium Standard Solution, 849 Basil Oil, Comoros Type, 39, 574 Basil Oil, European Type, 39, 579 Basil Oil, Italian Type, 39 Basil Oil, Reunion Type, 39 Basil Oil Exotic, 39 Basil Oleoresin, 391, 392 Bay Leaf Oil, 217 Bay Oil, 40, 575 BCD, (S 1)15 Beeswax, White, 40 Beeswax, Yellow, 41 Beet Fiber, (S1 )45 Beet Sugar, 400, (S2)35 Benedict s Qualitative Reagent, 850, 851 Bentonite, 41 Benzaldehyde, 456, 607 Benzaldehyde Glyceryl Acetal, 456, 607, (S1)60... 

Lipase (Microbial) Activity for Medium- and Long-Chain Fatty Acids, (S3)105 Lysozyme Activity, (S3)106 Maltogenic Amylase Activity, 804 Milk-Clotting Activity, 805 Pancreatin Activity, 805 Pepsin Activity, 807 Phospholipase A2 Activity, 808 Phytase Activity, 808 Plant Proteolytic Activity, 810 Proteolytic Activity, Bacterial (PC), 811 Proteolytic Activity, Fungal (HUT), 812 Proteolytic Activity, Fungal (SAP), 813 Pullulanase Activity, 814 Trypsin Activity, 814 Enzyme Assays, 786 Enzyme-Hydrolyzed (Source) Protein,... 

Some of the basic information on stabilizing sulfhydryl enzymes, has been responsible for their commercialization. Without the judicious use of reducing compounds throughout the processing of the papaya latex, it would not have been possible to maximize the proteolytic activity of commercial papain preparations. Examples of other studies of enzymes which have contributed to commercialization are the determination of calcium ion as a requirement for amylase stability at high temperature, the difference in properties of catalases derived from bacterial, fungal, or... 

Gordon VM, Klimpel KR, Arora N, Henderson A, Leppla SH (1995) Proteolytic activation of bacterial toxins by eukaryotic cells is performed by furin and by additional cellular proteases. Infect Immun 63 82-87. 

The airway epithehum is also known to be injured by a variety of viral and bacterial products, a number of which have proteolytic activity themselves or which induce cellular injury as a consequence of the host immunological responses that they evoke. Episodes of airflow obstruction are known to accompany such infections and impaired mucociliary clearance is a common feature of certain infections. 

Rhozyme [Rohm Haas]. TM for enzyme concentrate with diastatic or proteolytic activity. Buff-colored powders or liquids of fungal or bacterial origin that hydrolyze and solublize proteins and starches. 

Brevibacterium linens, a characteristic component of the surface microflora of smear-ripened varieties, has a strong proteolytic activity (Gripon et al, 1991). The extracellular proteinases secreted by a number of Br. linens strains have been partially purified (see Rattray et al, 1995). The proteinase secreted by Br. linens ATCC 9174 was purified to homogeneity by Rattray et al (1995) and found to be a serine proteinase with optimum activity at pH 8.5 and 50°C. It appears to be a trimeric enzyme with a monomeric mass of 56 kDa. The sequence of the 20 N-terminal amino acids showed no homology with the published sequences of other bacterial proteinases (Rattray 1995). Foissy (1974) reported on both intra- and extracellular proteinases but they were not studied further an extracellular aminopeptidase was purified by Foissy (1978). Sprhaug (1981) described a number of peptidase activities in cell-free extracts of Br. linens. 

Enterokinase is found not only in the intestinal juice but is a very widely distributed enzyme which Delezenne has noted in the poison of serpents, in mushrooms, especially the Amanitas, and in bacteria. This investigator has found, in fact, that if pancreatic juice is inoculated with the res of Bacillus subtUis or BacUlus mesentericus, the liquid, after the bacteria have developed and when filtered, has acquired a pronounced proteolytic activity. Nevertheless, the bacterial culture, filtered before its mixture with the pancreatic juice, does not confer any activity on the latter. Finally, Hougardy has found that in milk there... 

Subtilisin, a bacterial proteolytic enzyme originally isolated from Bacillt4S subtilus, is a serine protease. Even though its primary and tertiary structures bear no discernible relationship to chymotrypsin, the active site groups and the... 

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