Bacterial infections diabetes mellitus

FIGURE 36-2. Recommendations for treating chronic diarrhea. Follow these steps (1) Perform a careful history and physical examination. (2) The possible causes of chronic diarrhea are many. These can be classified into intestinal infections (bacterial or protozoal), inflammatory disease (Crohn s disease or ulcerative colitis), malabsorption (lactose intolerance), secretory hormonal tumor (intestinal carcinoid tumor or VIPoma), drug (antacid), factitious (laxative abuse), or motility disturbance (diabetes mellitus, irritable bowel syndrome, or hyperthyroidism). (3) If the diagnosis is uncertain, selected appropriate diagnostic studies should be ordered. (4) Once diagnosed, treatment is planned for the underlying cause with symptomatic antidiarrheal therapy. (5) If no specific cause can be identified, symptomatic therapy is prescribed. 

A number of classification schemes have been developed to describe SSTIs. Bacterial infections of the skin can be classified as primary or secondary (Table 108-1). Primary bacterial infections usually involve areas of previously healthy skin and typically are caused by a single pathogen. In contrast, secondary infections occur in areas of previously damaged skin and are frequently polymicrobic. SSTIs are also classified as complicated or uncomplicated. Infections are considered complicated when they involve deeper skin structures (e.g., fascia, muscle layers, etc), require significant surgical intervention, or occur in patients with compromised immune function (e.g., diabetes mellitus, human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection, etc). ... 

Aside from diabetes therapy, sulfonylurease could have other uses. Table VI depicts 23 nondiabetic uses for which tolbutamide has been investigated and reported in the medical literature during the past five to six years. Tolbutamide has not been established as efficacious in most of these conditions. But it is possible that some analog of tolbutamide, perhaps one that does not lower blood sugar, could be effective in some nondiabetic condition. It should be no less thinkable today than it was in 1935 to state that a chemical dye could be effective in treating bacterial infections or in 1942 that an antibacterial drug could be effective in treating diabetes mellitus. 

Acute pyelonephritis is commonly caused by a bacterial agent. Escherichia coli and other enterobacteria account for 90% of these infections. Chronic recurrences of acute episodes are usually caused by predisposing factors such as functional abnormalities including indwelling catheters, anatomic abnormalities of the urinary tract that cause stasis or obstruction, urolithiasis, malignancy, neurogenic bladder, and foreign bodies. Other risk factors include diabetes mellitus, age, and the presence of immune deficiency. Females are more prone to urinary tract infection... 

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