Bacteria relationship

Ormerod, J.G., Ormerod, K.S., Gest. H. 1961. Light-dependent utilization of organic compounds and photoproduction of molecular hydrogen by photosynthetic bacteria relationships with nitrogen metabolism. Arch Biochem Biophys 94 449 63. 

Brunke, M., and H. Fischer. 1999. Hyporheic bacteria — Relationships to environmental gradients and invertebrates in a prealpine stream. Archiv fiir Hydrobiologie 146 189-217. 

Lamed R, Zeikus JG. (1980a). Ethanol production by thermophilic bacteria— relationship between fermentation product yields of and catabolic enzyme activities in Clostridium thermocellum and Thermoanaerobium brockii. J Bacterial, 144, 569-578. 

During mastication food is shredded and broken up into small fragments which are mixed with saliva and formed into a bolus. This causes dissolution of soluble constituents, facilitates swallowing and initiates the digestion of starch by salivary amylase. What happens after the bolus has been swallowed is only of indirect interest to the dentist. However, although the nutrients mentioned in Section 3 are necessary for the health of the body as a whole, certain dietary constituents are believed to have a direct effect on the tooth-saliva-bacteria relationship and the incidence of dental disease. Chief among these are sugars, fluoride, calcium and vitamin D which are considered in more detail in other sections of the book. 

Although most vitamins have little effect on the tooth-saliva-bacteria relationship, vitamin Be deserves individual mention since it may promote amino acid metabolism and in so doing... 

Plant-bacteria relationships essential interactions with different partners... 

Williamson, J. M., Anderson, M. S., and Raetz, C. R. H. (1991). Acyl-acyl carrier protein specificity of UDP-GlcNAc acyltransferases from Gram-negative bacteria relationship to lipid A structure. J. Baeteriol. 173, 3591-3596. 

The long latent periods involved in development of cancers make correlation of chemical exposures and disease extremely difficult. This can be countered pardy with tests on naturally short-Hved animals. Tests on bacteria, eg, the Ames test, may permit rapid detection of cancer potential, although there is no direct relationship between the results of bacterial tests and the effects of the tested chemicals on humans (56). 

Fiber components are the principal energy source for colonic bacteria with a further contribution from digestive tract mucosal polysaccharides. Rate of fermentation varies with the chemical nature of the fiber components. Short-chain fatty acids generated by bacterial action are partiaUy absorbed through the colon waU and provide a supplementary energy source to the host. Therefore, dietary fiber is partiaUy caloric. The short-chain fatty acids also promote reabsorption of sodium and water from the colon and stimulate colonic blood flow and pancreatic secretions. Butyrate has added health benefits. Butyric acid is the preferred energy source for the colonocytes and has been shown to promote normal colonic epitheUal ceU differentiation. Butyric acid may inhibit colonic polyps and tumors. The relationships of intestinal microflora to health and disease have been reviewed (10). 

Thiobacillus thiooxidans is an aerobic organism that oxidizes various sulfur-containing compounds to form sulfuric acid. These bacteria are sometimes found near the tops of tubercles (see Chap. 3, Tubercu-lation ). There is a symbiotic relationship between Thiobacillus and sulfate reducers Thiobacillus oxidizes sulfide to sulfate, whereas the sulfate reducers convert sulfide to sulfate. It is unclear to what extent Thiobacillus directly influences corrosion processes inside tubercles. It is more likely that they indirectly increase corrosion by accelerating sulfate-reducer activity deep in the tubercles. 

This enzyme is of wide occurrence in bacteria where it is concerned with the reduction of nitrate and CO2 as well as sulphur. Methods for its estimation depend on measuring some activity of hydrogenase by (a) dye reduction (benzyl viologen or methylene blue), (b) isotopic exchange and (c) evolution of molecular hydrogen. Interpretation of quantitative results is difficult due to the complex relationship between the enzyme cell structure and the particular method selected. ... 

A simplification of the polarization resistance technique is the linear polarization technique in which it is assumed that the relationship between E and i is linear in a narrow range around E . Usually only two points ( , 0 are measured and B is assumed to have a constant value of about 20 mV. This approach is used in field tests and forms the basis of commercial corrosion rate monitors. Rp can also be determined as the dc limit of the electrochemical impedance. Mansfeld et al. used the linear polarization technique to determine Rp for mild steel sensors embedded in concrete exposed to a sewer environment for about 9 months. One sensor was periodically flushed with sewage in an attempt to remove the sulfuric acid produced by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria within a biofilm another sensor was used as a control. A data logging system collected Rp at 10-min intervals simultaneously for the two corrosion sensors and two pH electrodes placed at the concrete surface. Figure 2 shows the cumulative corrosion loss (Z INT) obtained by integration of the MRp time curves as ... 

Aeckersberg F, FA Rainey, F Widdel (1998) Growth, natural relationships, cellular fatty acids and metabolic adaptation of sulfate-reducing bacteria that utilize long-chain alkanes under anoxic conditions. Arch Microbiol 170 361-369. 

Paris DF, NL Wolfe (1987) Relationship between properties of a series of anilines and their transformation by bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 53 911-916. 

Graph the relationship between time and temperature for distilled water and distilled water containing ice-nucleating bacteria. 

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