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Bacteria leguminous

Soil Nutrient. Molybdenum has been widely used to increase crop productivity in many soils woddwide (see Fertilizers). It is the heaviest element needed for plant productivity and stimulates both nitrogen fixation and nitrate reduction (51,52). The effects are particularly significant in leguminous crops, where symbiotic bacteria responsible for nitrogen fixation provide the principal nitrogen input to the plant. Molybdenum deficiency is usually more prominent in acidic soils, where Mo(VI) is less soluble and more easily reduced to insoluble, and hence unavailable, forms. Above pH 7, the soluble anionic, and hence available, molybdate ion is the principal species. [Pg.478]

Nitrogen fixation takes place in a wide variety of bacteria, the best known of which is rhizobium which is found in nodules on the roots of leguminous plants such as peas, beans, soya and clover. The essential constituents of this and all other nitrogen-fixing bacteria are ... [Pg.1035]

A. L. Virtanen, S. Von Hausen, and T. Laine, Investigations on the root nodule bacteria of leguminous plants XIX. Influence of various factors on the excretion of nitrogenous compounds from nodules. Journal of Agricultural Science 27 332 (1937). [Pg.127]

In wetlands N2 fixation can occur in the water colnmn, in the aerobic water-soil interface, in the anaerobic soil bulk, in the rhizosphere, and on the leaves and stems of plants. Phototrophic bacteria in the water and at the water-soil interface are generally more important than non-photosynthetic, heterotrophic bacteria in the soil and on plant roots (Buresh et al, 1980 Roger 1996). The phototrophs comprise bacteria that are epiphytic on plants and cyanobacteria that are both free-living and epiphytic. A particularly favourable site for cyanobacteria is below the leaf surface of the water fern Azolla, which forms a very efficient symbiosis with the cyanobacterinm Anabaena azollae. This symbiosis and those in various leguminous plants have been exploited in traditional rice prodnction systems to sustain yields of 2 to 4 t ha of grain withont fertilizer for hnndreds of years. [Pg.157]

Humans lack enzymes to hydrolyse cellulose, and some odier carbohydrates in food. However, bacteria in the intestine can hydrolyse and ferment some of this carbohydrate to produce short-chain fatty acids, which are used by the colon and the liver. It is estimated that for each gram of unavailable carbohydrate in the diet, 8.4 kJ of energy is made available in this way, although this is influenced by factors such as ripeness of fruit or the way leguminous seeds are cooked. Nonetheless, these effects will be small and can be ignored unless the amount of such carbohydrate is high or very accurate results are required. (The subject of unavailable carbohydrate and fibre in the diet is discussed in Chapters 4, 6 and 15). [Pg.20]

Although traces of argon are present in the gases of the blood, it does not appear to play any direct role in metabolism (69). Bacteria in the nodules of leguminous plants absorb argon with the nitrogen, but no fixation of the argon occurs (69). [Pg.785]

Only certain prokaryotes can fix atmospheric nitrogen. These include the cyanobacteria of soils and fresh and salt waters, other kinds of free-living soil bacteria such as Azotobacter species, and the nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live as symbionts in the root nodules of leguminous plants. The first important product of nitrogen fixation is ammonia, which can be used by all organisms either directly or after its conversion to other soluble compounds such as nitrites, nitrates, or amino acids. [Pg.834]

The symbiotic relationship between leguminous plants and the nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their root... [Pg.836]

The molecular nitrogen that makes up 80% of the earth s atmosphere is unavailable to most living organisms until it is reduced. This fixation of atmospheric N2 takes place in certain free-living bacteria and in symbiotic bacteria in the root nodules of leguminous plants. [Pg.841]

Soil-borne bacteria of the family Rhizobiaceae and leguminous plants form a symbiotic relationship during which a new organ, the root nodule, is developed. Within these root nodules the bacteria fix atmospheric dinitrogen and the product of nitrogen fixation, ammonia, is exported to the plant [69,70]. Root nodules develop from primordia which are established at specific sites in the root cortex shortly after Rhizobium infection. The peptide enod40 is believed to play a critical role in inducing the de-differentiation and the mitotic division of root cortical cells, i.e. the initial steps in nodule development. This however, is not entirely undisputed [3,4,69-72]. [Pg.379]

Inoculation with specific strains of rhizobium bacteria stimulates nodulation on leguminous forbs, Commercial inoculants are available for the important legume species. Rhizobium bacteria may not survive or produce effective nodules in acidic spoils with pH below 5.0. [Pg.1440]

N. Strampelli, B. Tacke, A. Teichinger, E. Teisler, J. A. Volcker, etc.—with the object of impregnating soils with the bacteria so necessary for the full development of leguminous plants. A number of cultures of these bacteria have been placed on the market so that soils can be readily inoculated, For example, there are... [Pg.360]

Research on BNF almost ceased during the first World War and, even before 1914, its focus had shifted from Europe to America. All movements have their scriptures for BNF the Old Testament was Fred, Baldwin and McCoy s The Root Nodule Bacteria and Leguminous Plants (1932), and the New Testament, P. W. Wilson s The Biochemistry of Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation (1940) both published by the University of Wisconsin Press in Madison. [Pg.210]

Fred, E.B., Baldwin, I.L., McCoy, E.F. (1932). Root Nodule Bacteria and Leguminous Plants. Univ. Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI. [Pg.215]

Apigenin (70b), luteolin (70c) and related polyhydroxyflavones can activate the nodulation genes of the nitrogen-fixation bacteria (genus Rhizobium) in the leguminous plants such as peas. This is the first time that simple flavonoids have been shown to be involved in gene regulation [367-369]. [Pg.59]

One clear example of the importance of capsular polysaccharides is in the symbiotic relationship between nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacteria and leguminous plants, where MS has played a central role in helping elucidate structures. Here we aim to highlight, using the specific example of bacterial K-antigen studies, the central role of modern mass-spectrometric techniques in polysaccharide analysis. [Pg.124]

Nitrogen fixation is the conversion of N2 gas into ammonia, a process carried out by some soil bacteria, cyanobacteria and the symbiotic bacteria Rhizobium that invade the root nodules of leguminous plants. This process is carried out by the nitrogenase complex, which consists of a reductase and an iron-molybdenum-containing nitrogenase. At least 16 ATP molecules are hydrolyzed to form two molecules of ammonia. Leghemoglobin is used to protect the nitrogenase in the Rhizobium from inactivation by 02. [Pg.369]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.496 ]




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