Root nodule bacteria

E. B. Fred, I. L. Baldwin, and E. McCoy, Root Nodule Bacteria andEeguminous Plants, Studies in Science No. 5, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wis., 1932. 

A. L. Virtanen, S. Von Hausen, and T. Laine, Investigations on the root nodule bacteria of leguminous plants XIX. Influence of various factors on the excretion of nitrogenous compounds from nodules. Journal of Agricultural Science 27 332 (1937). 

Bushby, H.V.A. Marshall, K. C. (1977a). Some factors affecting the survival of root-nodule bacteria on desiccation. Soil Biology Biochemistry, 9, 143-7. 

Marshall, K. C. (1964). Survival of root-nodule bacteria in dry soils exposed to high temperatures. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 15, 273-81. 

Research on BNF almost ceased during the first World War and, even before 1914, its focus had shifted from Europe to America. All movements have their scriptures for BNF the Old Testament was Fred, Baldwin and McCoy s The Root Nodule Bacteria and Leguminous Plants (1932), and the New Testament, P. W. Wilson s The Biochemistry of Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation (1940) both published by the University of Wisconsin Press in Madison. 

Fred, E.B., Baldwin, I.L., McCoy, E.F. (1932). Root Nodule Bacteria and Leguminous Plants. Univ. Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI. 

What do we mean when we say a plant is diseased If you accidentally skin the bark off the base of a tree with your lawn mower, is that tree diseased If spring frosts. slightly burn the leaves on broccoli transplants, are those plants diseased Are pea plants infected with beneficial root-nodule bacteria diseased ... 

Van Egeraat, A. W. S. M. (1972). In Pea-root Exudates and Their Effect Upon Root-nodule Bacteria, pp. 1-2. H. Veenam and N. V. Zoner, Wageningen. 

Wedler f al. (1978) have identified two forms of glutamine synthetase in Bacillus caldolytiens and Darrow and Knotts (1977) have shown two forms in Rhizobium japonicum and other free living root nodule bacteria. In both cases the two forms differ in their isoelectric points and stability. The work of Darrow and Knotts (1977) indicates that the two forms are not the result of differences in adenylation state of a single form. Type I appears similar to the E. coli enzyme in stability and in being susceptible to adenylation. Type II however is not adenylated and is more unstable. 

Table 6.1 Host Distribution of Nitrogen Fixing Root Nodule Bacteria of the Genus Rhizobium. In addition certain strains, not listed have a wider spectrum of activity, e.g. the promiscuous strains effecting the cow pea groups.

A sidelight on the lack of B12 in green plants comes from the related observations that the root nodule bacteria of legumes excrete B12 (Burton and Lochhead, 1951), and that the nodules are pink with a hemoglobin-... 

The oldest published picture of leguminous nodules dates to 1542 during the sixteenth century they were considered to be just normal outgrowths of root tissues. Later reports saw in them anything from galls caused by insect larvae to abortive roots Fred, E. B., et al. 1932. Root Nodule Bacteria and Leguminous Plants. Madison University of Wisconsin, pp. 19-21. 

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