Background reading

The following is a representative list of the most important references, periodicals, and conferences dealing with carbides and nitrides. 

Storms, E. K., The Refractory Metal Carbides, Academic Press, New York (1967) 

Campbell, 1. E., and Sherwood, E. M., High-Temperature Materials and Technology, John Wiley Sons, New York (1967) 

Samsonov, G., Refractory Carbides, Consultant Bureau, New York (1974) 

Batt BC Kompala DS (1989) A structured kinetic modeling framework for the dynamics of hybridoma growth and monoclonal antibody production in continuous suspension culture. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 3A 515-531. 

Bree MA, Dhurjati P, Geoghedan Jr RF Robnett B (1988) Kinetic modelhng of hybridoma cell growth and immunoglobulin production in a large-scale suspension culture. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 1067-1072. 

Daim M, Sayles GD Ollis DF (1990) Glutamine-limited batch hybridoma growth and antibody production experiment and model. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 36 74-82. 

Glacken MW, Adema E Sinskey AJ (1988) Mathematical descriptions of hybridoma culture kinetics I. Initial metabolic rates. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 491-506. 

Goergen J-L, Marc A Engasser J-M (1992a) Comparison of specific rates of hybridoma growth and metabolism in batch and continuous cultures. Cytotech-nology 10 147-155. 

(1929) Splitting of terms in crystals. (Termsaufspaltung in Kristallen.) Ann. Phys., 3, 133-206. [Transl. Consultants Bureau, New York.] 

(1964) Crystal field theory and applications to problems in geochemistry. In Chemistry of the Earth s Crust, Proceedings of the Vernadsky Centennial Symposium. (A. P. Vinogradov, ed. Science Press, Moscow), 2, 88-106. [Transl.-. Israel Progr. Sci. Transl., Jerusalem, pp. 93-112 (1967).] 

(1967a) Crystal field theory and the geochemistry of 

(1985) Thermodynamic data from crystal field spectra. In Macroscopic to Microscopic. Atomic Environments to Mineral Thermodynamics. (S. W. Kieffer A. Navrotsky, eds Mineral. Soc. Amer. Publ.), Rev. Mineral., 14, 277-316. 

(1952) The effects of crystal fields on the properties of transition metal ions. J. Chem. Soc., pp. 4756-61. 

Chemistry and Physics of Carbon, (P. L. Walker, Jr. and P. Thrower, eds.), Marcel Dekker, New York (1968) 

Cotton, F. A. and Wilkinson, G., Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, Interscience Publishers, New York (1972) 

Eggers, D. F., Gregory, N. W., Halsey, G. D., Jr. and Rablnovitch, B. S., Physical Chemistry, John Wiley Sons, New York (1964) 

Huheey, J. E., Inorganic Chemistry, Third Edition, Harper Row, New York (1983) 

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T. M. Hayes and J. B. Boyce. Solid State Phys. 37, 173, 1982. Good background reading on EXAFS. 

For further background reading on steelmaking processes, along with some informative process diagrams, visit the Web site http //www.uksteel.uk. 

Much of the background reading, especially for osmium and gold, as well as work on the bibliography was done in the course of visits to l Abbaye N-D du Bec-Hellouin it is again a pleasure to give thanks to Dom Philibert Zobel O.S.B., Abbot of Bee, and to the monastic community for the shelter of their roof and a calm and sympathetic environment. 

Shodor Education Foundation. Chem Viz Background Reading for Ionization Energy. Available online. URL http //www. shodor.org/chemviz/ionization/students/background.html. 

The diversity of suppliers and the difficulty of maintaining up to date lists made the maintenance of print directories difficult and expensive. Most are now either out of print or have migrated to database format. Nevertheless a review of the older directories is interesting, and they should be retained as they provide valuable background reading. 

J. Binney and S. Tremaine, Galactic Dynamics, Princeton University Press 1987, 2008, is another classic text, recommended for background reading on Galactic aspects of abundances. 

Fig. 12. Effect of spontaneous apoptosis on the activation of caspase-3 in human eosinophils. Eosinophils (2 x 10 /ml) were cultured for 3 h. Cells were lysed and caspase-3 activity was measured by caspase-3 colorimetric assay kit (R D Systems). Enzymatic products were measured at 405 nm with BIOTEK EL340 ELISA microplate reader (BIO-TEK Instrument Inc., Vermont). Human recombinant caspase-3 (5 U) (Calbiochem, California) was used as a positive control. The stimulation index was determined by direct comparison to the level of the normal control. Background readings from cell lysates and buffers were substracted from the readings of both induced and uninduced samples samples before calculating the stimulation index in caspase-3 activity. The differences between control and treated groups were assessed by Student s i-test. P < 0.05 P < 0.001 (Z2).

The main remit of this chapter is to provide reference and plant source details of new flavone and flavonol 0-glycosides discovered since 1991, i.e., covering the years 1992 to 2003. A checklist of all (as far as possible) known structures is also included in Appendices A and B. A series of reviews, which include most of the data on new 0-glycosylflavones and flavonols presented here, have appeared in Natural Product Reports and cover the years 1992 to 1994, 1995 to 1997, and 1998 to 2000, and with a fourth (2001 to 2003) " in press. Other useful sources of data are The Phytochemical Dictionary,The Handbook of Natural Flavo-noids, and for general background reading Jeffrey Harborne s Comparative Biochemistry of the Flavonoids. 

You should be able to see the similarities in Eqs. (4.2) through (4.4). We will use these relationships a great deal in this chapter, so you should understand them fully and do some background reading if they are unfamiliar to you, but we will again concentrate on the proportionality constants thermal conductivity, viscosity, and molecular diffusivity. 

The issue for readers of this book is whether you undertake a complete project of the kind depicted in Figure 1.1. Certainly, in order to gain a complete experience of managing effectively you would need to do so. On the other hand, you could treat the book as another piece of background reading on management. 

It is obviously desirable for reviews such as this to be largely self contained such that the uninitiated can follow most of the material without resorting to extensive background reading. To facilitate this therefore a minimum of background information is provided. 

Optimisation methods may also be used to maximise key parameters, e.g. resolution, but are beyond the scope of this handbook. Miller and Miller s book on Statistics for Analytical Chemistry provides a gentle introduction to the topic of optimisation methods and response surfaces as well as digestible background reading for most of the statistical topics covered in this handbook. For those wishing to delve deeply into the subject of chemometric methods, the Handbook of Chemometrics and Qualimetrics in two volumes by Massart et al., is a detailed source of information. 

Alexandrova, Anna, ed. AIDS, Drugs, and Society. New York International Debate Education Association, 2002. Includes both background readings and policy debates concerning the relationship between the worldwide epidemic of AIDS and drug abuse. There is a particular emphasis on harm reduction strategies and initiatives, and source documents include official statements and relevant human rights treaties. 

As a rule of thumb, with stacks between about 15 and 100 m (50 and 350 ft) tall, this point of maximum concentration will be approximately 10 stack heights downwind. Therefore, the air-quality monitoring system should include at least one sensor at the point of expected maximum ground-level concentration. Additional sensors should be placed not less than 100 stack heights upwind (prevailing) to provide a background reading, and at least... 

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