Scale Suspension Cultures

From Table XII it is clear that most studies concerned callus cultures of Nicotiana species. For industrial applications however, suspension cul- 

Optimization of tobacco cell suspension cultures, with the aim of large-scale production of nicotine, was studied by Roper et al. (229). A fast growing cell line with a high nicotine content was selected. Various combi- 

The large-scale culture of tobacco cells, claimed to contain 5-30% nicotine, for the preparation of a tobacco-smoking substitute have been patented (see Table XI). Hallsby and Shuler (260) reported the growth of tobacco cells immobilized in a membrane-type reactor using different flow patterns. 

---

Bree MA, Dhurjati P, Geoghegan R, Robnett B (1988), Kinetic modeling of hybridoma cell growth and immunoglobulin production in a large-scale suspensions culture, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 32 1067—1072. 

Microcarriers are small solid particles (kept in suspension by stirring) upon which cells may grow as a monolayer. They confer the advantage of large scale suspension cultures on anchorage dependent cells. They thus offer the following advantages. 

The use of small-scale suspension cultures is described in section 5.4. At some stage a decision has to be made, if scale-up is required, of when to move from laboratory units to small-scale industrial systems (Griffiths, 1992b). This is a decisive moment because of the investment needed to set up in situ fermentation systems. This step should be taken at 101 and involves ... 

PILOT-SCALE SUSPENSION CULTURE OF HYBRIDOMAS - AN OVERVIEW... 

J., Dabros, M., and Maurer, M. (2014) Yeast suspension culture, in Industrial Scale Suspension Culture of Living Cells (eds H. Meyer and D.R. Schmidhalter), Wiley-Blackwell. 

Laboratory-scale fermentations have been described elsewhere [2]. In this chapter, we lead the reader through the most important aspects of industrial-scale fermentation. Which organisms are suitable for large-scale suspension culture What do standard operating procedures (SOPs) and installations for large fermentation look like Which are the most important markets What affects the economics of large-scale fermentation, and which are the important regulatory aspects to be considered ... 

The first refers to mass cultivation and production by making use of cells in a highly controlled, closed bioreactor. Table 1.1 lists all cells and organisms that are available today for large-scale suspension culture. 

Nowadays, and as Table 1.1 shows, not only bacteria, yeasts, and fungi are cultivated in large-scale suspension culture. All the industrial manufacturing methods listed in Table 1.1 are described and discussed in much detail in a separate book [4]. Evidently, and as already mentioned earlier, the term large-scale or industrial-scale is a relative one. 

Although the cells and organisms listed in Table 1.1 differ greatly in taxonomy, form, size, and metabolism, there are four common elements that can influence the success of a large-scale suspension culture. 

Industrial Scale Suspension Culture of Living Cells... 

---