Bacillus subtilis protease

A number of steroids have been regioselectively acylated ia a similar manner (99,104). Chromobactenum viscosum hpase esterifies 5a-androstane-3P,17P-diol [571-20-0] (75) with 2,2,2-triduoroethyl butyrate ia acetone with high selectivity. The hpase acylates exclusively the hydroxy group ia the 3-position giving the 3P-(monobutyryl ester) of (75) ia 83% yield. In contrast, bacillus subtilis protease (subtihsia) displays a marked preference for the C-17 hydroxyl. Candida iylindracea]i 2Lse (CCL) suspended ia anhydrous benzene regioselectively acylates the 3a-hydroxyl group of several bile acid derivatives (104). 

Bacillus subtilis, proteases from, 28 327, 328 Bacillus thermoproteolyticus, thermolysin from, 28 326... 

L. Ferreira, M. A. Ramos, M. H. Gil, and J. S. Dordick, Exquisite regioselectivity and increased transesterification activity of an immobilized Bacillus subtilis protease, Biotechnol. Prog. (2002) 986-993. 

Protease from Aspergillus saitoi Protease from Bacillus subtilis Protease from Aspergillus oryzae Protease from Streptomyces griseus... 

II, Pseudocollagenase (Clostridium) Thermolysin (Bacillus subtilis)] Protease III, Staphylokinase (Staphylococcus aureus)-, Coccus P(Proteinase) (Serratia)-, Pronase component (Streptomyces griseus)-, P. roqueforti protease II ... 

The only well-documented outbreak of asthmatic symptoms caused by exposure to the biotechnological product was the widespread problem of asthma caused by exposure to Bacillus subtilis proteases in the washing powder industry. During the later 1960s and early 1970s these outbreaks were reported by occupational hygienists, company medical officers and respiratory disease specialists. They were the subject of many papers. 

Excellent yields were achieved in the selective acylation at 0-3 of 6-0-acelyl-l,5-anhydro-2-deoxy-D-arafe/no-hex-l-enitol (25) by lipase mediated acyltransfer from several vinylesters. As shown in Scheme 7, the starting material (25) could be recovered in 80% yield from two of the products (26) by enzymatic hydrolysis. Reports have been published on the lipase mediated selective synthesis of 2-functionalised 3-monoesters (27) of methyl 5-0-decyl-a-D-arabinofuranoside, on the regioselective, lipase-catalysed acylation of methyl a- and -D-arabino- and -xylo-pyranoside, on the regioselective acylation and deacylation of 2 -deoxynucleoside derivatives by use of a Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase and a Bacillus subtilis protease, respectively, and on the regioselective acylation of castanospermin with a variety of enzymes in pyridine. 

T trypsin, CT a-chymotrypsin, P papain, Bs Bacillus subtilis proteases, AP AspergUlus spp. proteases, SG Streptomyces griseus proteases, PP Penidllium spp. proteases, + inhibited, — not inhibited, inhibited by some inhibitors of the particular source. 

Another advantageous feature of enzymes in an esterification reaction lies in their ability to distinguish a specific hydroxyl group of a complex polyalcohol like sugar derivatives. KUbanov et aL found that Bacillus subtilis protease (subtilirin) catalyzes the regioselective acylation disaccharides 16, as well as nucleosides and related compounds in N,N-dimethylformamide [40]. 

Bacillus subtilis Protease Buffalo hide Sathiya (2013)... 

Mukesh Kurtrar, D. J., Rajarr, R., Lawrence, L., Priyadarshini, S., Sandhiya, C., Kalaichelvan, P. T. Destairring and dehairing capabUities of partially pitrified Bacillus subtilis protease from optimized fermentation medirrm. Asian J Exp Biol Sci 2012,3,613-620. 

Alkaline protease from Bacillus subtilis DY, pH 8, 37°, 80-85% yield. Methyl esters are cleaved similarly. 

Isolation of a-amylase and protease from Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth [20]... 

Wu, X.C., Lee, W., Tran, L. and Wong, S.L. (1991) Engineering a Bacillus subtilis expression-secretion system with a strain deficient in six extracellular proteases. Journal of Bacteriology, 173 (16), 4952 1958. 

Murashima, K., Chen, C.-L., Kosugi, A. et al. (2002) Heterologous production of Clostridium cellulovorans engB, using protease-deficient Bacillus subtilis, and preparation of active recombinant cellulosomes. Journal of Bacteriology, 184 (1), 76-81. 

J. H., Tanahashi, N., Tanaka, K., and Chung, C. H. The ATP-dependent CodWX (HslVU) protease in Bacillus subtilis is an N-terminal serine protease. EMBO J. 2001,... 

N-Acetvlneuraminic Acid Aldolase. A new procedure has also been developed for the synthesis of 9-0-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid using the aldolase catalyzed reaction methodology. This compound is an unusual sialic acid found in a number of tumor cells and influenza virus C glycoproteins (4 ). The aldol acceptor, 6-0-acetyl-D-mannosamine was prepared in 70% isolated yield from isopropenyl acetate and N-acetyl-D-mannosamine catalyzed by protease N from Bacillus subtilis (from Amano). The 6-0-acetyl hexose was previously prepared by a complicated chemical procedure (42.) The target molecule was obtained in 90% yield via the condensation of the 6-0-acetyl sugar and pyruvate catalyzed by NANA aldolase (Figure 6). With similar procedures applied to KDO, 2-deoxy-NANA and 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-NANA were prepared from NANA. 

Enz5mies Proteases Amylases Cellulases Various Bacilli, e.g. Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus oryzae Trichoderma viride, Penicillium pinophilum... 

Mukherjee, A. K., Adhikari, H., Rai, S. K. (2008). Rroduction of alkaline protease by a thermophilic Bacillus subtilis under solid-state fermentation (SSF) condition using Imperata cylindrical grass and potato peel as low-cost medium Characterization and application of enzyme in detergent formulation. Biochem. Engg. J.,39, 353-361. 

More recently, the chemo-enzymatic synthesis of inulin-containing hydrogels was reported [54]. The key point was the solubility of inulin [a mixture of oligomers and polymers containing 2-60 (or more) 5-2,1 linked D-fructose molecules having a glucose unit as the initial residue] in dimethylformamide (DMF), a fact that allowed its esterification by action of a protease from Bacillus subtilis. 

It is commonly agreed that enzymes are inactive in nearly anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) [55] and that such inactivity might be a direct result of protein solubilization in the organic milieu, which causes deleterious changes in the proteins secondary and tertiary structures [56]. However, different authors have recently reported that some proteases, namely thermolysin (from Bacillus thermo-proteolyticus) and Proleather (from Bacillus subtilis), were still active in pure DMSO, despite the fact that proteins were indeed solubilized. The former enzyme cata-... 

Tanaka, T. Kawata, M. Gloning and characterization of Bacillus subtilis iep, which has positive and negative effects on production of extracellular proteases. J. Bacteriol., 170, 3593-3600 (1988)... 

Irvine, D. M., Puhan, Z. and Gruetzner, V. 1969. Protease complex from a mutated strain of Bacillus subtilis as a milk coagulant for cheese manufacture. J. Dairy Sci. 52, 889-889. 

Thermolysin belongs to a class of proteases (called neutral proteases) which are distinct from the serine proteases, sulfhydryl proteases, metal-loexopeptidases, and acid proteases. Neutral proteases A and B from Bacillus subtilis resemble thermolysin in molecular weight, substrate specificity, amino acid content, and metal ion dependence. Since physiological substrates are most likely proteins, it is difficult to design simple experiments that can be interpreted in terms of substrate specificity and relative velocities. Therefore, studies of substrate specificity and other kinetic parameters must be carried out on di- and tripeptides so that details of the mechanism of catalysis can be obtained and interpreted simply. 

The zinc ion in a neutral protease from Bacillus subtilis has been exchanged with other metal ions (139—141). The Co(II) enzyme is reported to be active (140). 

Bovine lung or mucous QAE Sephadex A50 Proteases of Bacillus subtilis Proteolytic enzymes from pig pancreas... 

Furthermore, other bacteria have been shown to have superior innate abilities to secrete proteins including Bacillus subtilis, a Gram-positive bacterium, which lacks membrane proteases. This indicates that prokaryotes could... 

In the brewing industry, there is a development toward substitution of malt with unmalted barley and amylase, by use of glu-canase and protease of microbial origin. The neutral protease from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and the thermostable neutral protease Bacillus subtilis var. thermoproteolyticus have been used by brewers successfully to hydrolyze barley proteins into amino acids and peptides. 

Carbohydrase and Protease, Mixed (Bacillus subtilis var. including Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) Produced as an off white to tan, amorphous powder or as a liquid by controlled fermentation using Bacillus subtilis var. Soluble in water (the solution is usually light yellow to dark brown), but practically insoluble in alcohol, in chloroform, and in ether. Major active principles (1) a-amylase, (2) /3-glucanase, (3) protease, and (4) pentosanase. Typical applications used in the preparation of starch syrups, alcohol, beer, dextrose, bakery products, and fishmeal in the tenderizing of meat and in the preparation of protein hydrolysates. 

Application and Principle This procedure is used to determine protease activity, expressed as PC units, of preparations derived from Bacillus subtilis var. and Bacillus licheniformis var. The assay is based on a 30-min proteolytic hydrolysis of casein at 37° and pH 7.0. Unhydrolyzed casein is removed by filtration, and the solubilized casein is determined spectro-photometrically. 

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