Polysaccharides Azotobacter

Immunopolysaccharides. Part I, Preliminary Studies of a Polysaccharide from Azotobacter chroococcum, containing a Uronic Acid, G. J. Lawson and M. Stacey, J. Chem. Soc., (1954) 1925-1931. 

The polysaccharides of Type VIII pneumococcus,1 1 Friedlander s bacillus,1 2 Rhizobiam and Azotobacter evidently have closely related structures and they contain a high proportion of D-glucose residues. Cross reactions indicated that oxidized cellulose has affinities with this group.1 ... 

Formation of L-guluronic acid, a component of the alginic acid-like polysaccharide produced by P. aeruginosa and Azotobacter vinelandii, requires special comment. In this case, a polymer built from /3-(l- 4)-linked D-mannosyluronic acid residues serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis.204,205 Part of the D-mannosyluronic acid residues in the polymer is subjected to an epimerization at C-5 catalyzed by an exocellular enzyme of the micro-organism,205-207 producing a polysaccharide composed of structural blocks that contain only D-mannosyluronic acid or only l-gulosyluronic acid residues, as well %s some having both. The mechanism of the epimerization remains unclear. 

Deoxy-L-g/ycero-pentulosonic acid was found to be present in Klebsiella K38 polysaccharide249 and 3-deoxy-D-threo-hexulosonic acid was identified as a component of Azotobacter capsular polysaccharide.2S0 O-Specific polysaccharides of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Shigella boydii were shown2SI... 

There are also reports of their occurrence in polysaccharides. 3-Deoxy-D-t/zreo-hex-2-ulosonic acid (120) is a component in the extracellular polysaccharide of Azotobacter vinelandii304 and 3-deoxy-L-g7ycero-pent-2-ulosonic acid (121) has been found as a component of the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella type 38.305... 

D. Claus, 2-Keto-3-deoxygalactonic acid as a constituent of an extracellular polysaccharide of Azotobacter vinelandii, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comrmin., 20 (1965) 745-751. 

The Occurrence of D-g/ycero-D-manno-Heptose in the Extracellular Polysaccharide Produced by Azotobacter indicum, J. K. N. Jones, M. B. Perry, and W. Sowa, Can. J. Chem., 41 (1963) 2712-2715. 

Azotobacter indicum acidic polysaccharide glycero-gluco- 15 95... 

Alginate is a gelling polysaccharide found in great abundance as part of the cell wall and intracellular material in the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae). Most of the alginate used commercially is obtained from Macrocystis, Laminaria, and Ascophyllum [137]. Recently, Azotobacter vinelandii, a nitrogen-fixing bacterium... 

Polysaccharides isolated from Rhizobium radicicolum and Azotobacter chroococcum cross-react in high dilution in horse anti-Pn III. Part of the structure of the Rhizobium polysaccharide bears a close resemblance to that of Sill, inasmuch as both contain cellobiouronic acid in their respective... 

The kind of polysaccharides that are isolated from different bacteria are as follows Alginate, a linear copolymer with (l-4)-linked p-D-mannuronate and its a-L-guluronate residues that is produced by two bacterial genera Pseudomonas species and Azotobacter vinelandii [4]. Bacterial alginates are useful for the production of micro- or nanostructures suitable for medical applications. Cellulose, a p (1—>4) linked D-glucose unit obtained from Acetobacter xylinum. Cellulose of plant origin is usually impure as it contains... 

Clostridia can utilize a fairly wide variety of energy sources including both hexose and pentose sugars, pectic substances, polysaccharides, etc. These are not oxidized completely to carbon dioxide and water as in the case of Azotobacter but only partiaUy to organic acids, hydrogen, alcohol and acetone. Thus, most of the energy is left unused in these end products. 

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